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            <article id="post-2.java" class="article article-type-post " itemscope itemprop="blogPost">
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    <h1 class="article-title" itemprop="name">
      java_备考
    </h1>
  

        
        <a href="/2021/08/20/2.java/" class="archive-article-date">
  	<time datetime="2021-08-19T16:00:00.000Z" itemprop="datePublished"><i class="icon-calendar icon"></i>2021-08-20</time>
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        <h2 id="第一章-JAVA语言发展史"><a href="#第一章-JAVA语言发展史" class="headerlink" title="第一章 JAVA语言发展史"></a>第一章 JAVA语言发展史</h2><span id="more"></span>

<p>208-212没看</p>
<p>334-338看不进去了</p>
<p>237-之后没看</p>
<p>140-148没看</p>
<p>138-149没看</p>
<p>f3查看源码</p>
<p>Alt+/</p>
<p>sysout+Alt+/</p>
<blockquote>
<p>计算机：</p>
<ol>
<li>后缀名：</li>
<li>重命名： fn+f2</li>
<li>按住shift+右键删除</li>
<li>常见快捷键</li>
<li>软件的卸载</li>
</ol>
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
<p>IE</p>
<ol>
<li>Alt+7</li>
</ol>
</blockquote>
<h2 id=""><a href="#" class="headerlink" title=""></a></h2><h5 id="1-1"><a href="#1-1" class="headerlink" title="1.1"></a>1.1</h5><ol>
<li><p>java是美国Sun公司（Stanford University Network）在1995年推出的计算机语言</p>
<ul>
<li>java之父： 詹姆斯·高斯林（James Gosling）</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p>发展史：</p>
<p><img src="D:/Front-end/%E5%85%B6%E4%BB%96%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E7%9A%84%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0/Java/%E7%AC%94%E8%AE%B0%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%87/java%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80/1.png" alt="1"></p>
</li>
</ol>
<h5 id="1-2-java跨平台原理"><a href="#1-2-java跨平台原理" class="headerlink" title="1-2 java跨平台原理"></a>1-2 java跨平台原理</h5><ol>
<li><img src="D:/Front-end/%E5%85%B6%E4%BB%96%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E7%9A%84%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0/Java/%E7%AC%94%E8%AE%B0%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%87/java%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80/2.png" alt="2"></li>
</ol>
<h5 id="1-3-JRE和IDK"><a href="#1-3-JRE和IDK" class="headerlink" title="1-3 JRE和IDK"></a>1-3 JRE和IDK</h5><ol>
<li>JRE（JAva Runtime Environment）<ul>
<li>java程序的运行时环境，包含JVM和运行时所需要的核心类库</li>
<li>想要运行已有的java程序，主要安装JRE即可</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>JDK（Java Development Kit）<ul>
<li>Java程序开发工具包，包含JRE和开发人员使用的工具</li>
<li>其中的开发工具：　编译工具（Javac.exe）和运行工具（java.exe）</li>
<li>想要开发全新的java程序，必须安装JDK</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>JDK、JRE和JVM的关系</li>
</ol>
<p><img src="D:/Front-end/%E5%85%B6%E4%BB%96%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E7%9A%84%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0/Java/%E7%AC%94%E8%AE%B0%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%87/java%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80/3.png" alt="3"></p>
<h5 id="1-4-JDK安装目录"><a href="#1-4-JDK安装目录" class="headerlink" title="1-4 JDK安装目录"></a>1-4 JDK安装目录</h5><p><img src="D:/Front-end/%E5%85%B6%E4%BB%96%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E7%9A%84%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0/Java/%E7%AC%94%E8%AE%B0%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%87/java%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80/4.png" alt="4"></p>
<h5 id="1-5-常用DOS命令"><a href="#1-5-常用DOS命令" class="headerlink" title="1-5 常用DOS命令"></a>1-5 常用DOS命令</h5><ol>
<li>dir:查看当前路径下的内容</li>
<li>cls： 清屏</li>
<li>exit： 退出命令行窗口</li>
</ol>
<h5 id="1-6-Path环境变量的配置"><a href="#1-6-Path环境变量的配置" class="headerlink" title="1-6 Path环境变量的配置"></a>1-6 Path环境变量的配置</h5><ol>
<li>开发java程序，需要使用IDK提供的开发工具，而这些工具在JDK的安装目录的bin目录下</li>
<li>为了在开发java程序时，能方便使用javac和java这些命令，需要<strong>配置Path环境变量</strong><ul>
<li>Java_HOME—-&gt;Path</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ol>
<h5 id="1-7-Helloword案例"><a href="#1-7-Helloword案例" class="headerlink" title="1-7 Helloword案例"></a>1-7 Helloword案例</h5><ol>
<li>开发java程序：<ul>
<li>编写程序–&gt;编译程序—-&gt;运行程序</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ol>
<h2 id="第二章-基础知识"><a href="#第二章-基础知识" class="headerlink" title="第二章 基础知识"></a>第二章 基础知识</h2><h5 id="2-1"><a href="#2-1" class="headerlink" title="2.1"></a>2.1</h5><ol>
<li><p>注释： 多行，单行注释以及文档注释</p>
<ul>
<li><code>/*多行注释*/    //单行注释    /**文档注释*/</code></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p>关键字</p>
<ul>
<li>关键字的字母全部小写（50个，public class static）</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p>常量</p>
<ul>
<li>字符串常量： </li>
<li>整数常量</li>
<li>小数常量</li>
<li>字符常量</li>
<li>布尔常量</li>
<li>空常量：不能直接输出</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p>数据类型：</p>
<ul>
<li>计算机储存单位：<ul>
<li>最小信息单位“位（bit）”，称之为“比特位”，用“b”标识</li>
<li>计算机中最小的储存单位“字节（byte）”，用“B”表示，字节由连续的8个位组成</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>java是强类型语言，每一种数据都给出明确的数据类型</li>
</ul>
<p><img src="D:/Front-end/%E5%85%B6%E4%BB%96%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E7%9A%84%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0/Java/%E7%AC%94%E8%AE%B0%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%87/java%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80/5.png" alt="5"></p>
<p><img src="D:/Front-end/%E5%85%B6%E4%BB%96%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E7%9A%84%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0/Java/%E7%AC%94%E8%AE%B0%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%87/java%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80/6.png" alt="6"></p>
</li>
<li><p>标识符：给类（大驼峰），方法，变量（小驼峰）起名字的符号</p>
<ul>
<li>数字，字母，下划线，和美元符($)组成</li>
<li>不能以数字开头</li>
<li>不能是关键字</li>
<li>区分大小写</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p>类型转换</p>
<ul>
<li><p>把一个表示数据范围小的数值或者变量赋值给另一个表示数据范围大的变量<img src="D:/Front-end/%E5%85%B6%E4%BB%96%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E7%9A%84%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0/Java/%E7%AC%94%E8%AE%B0%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%87/java%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80/7.png" alt="7"></p>
</li>
<li><p>强制类型转换</p>
<ul>
<li><p>把一个表示数据范围大的数值或者变量赋值给另一个表示数据范围小的变量</p>
<p><code>int k = (int) 99.99;</code></p>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ol>
<h5 id="2-2-算数运算符："><a href="#2-2-算数运算符：" class="headerlink" title="2-2 算数运算符："></a>2-2 算数运算符：</h5><ol>
<li><p>字符的“+”操作：</p>
<ul>
<li><p>拿字符在计算机底层对应的数值来计算</p>
<p>’A‘————-&gt;       65        </p>
<p>‘a’—————–&gt;  97</p>
<p>‘0’—————–&gt;   48 </p>
</li>
<li><p>算数表达式中包含多个基本数据类型的值时，整个算术表达式的类型会自动进行提升</p>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p>字符串的“+”操作（拼接）</p>
</li>
</ol>
<h5 id="2-3-赋值运算符（隐含强制类型转换）"><a href="#2-3-赋值运算符（隐含强制类型转换）" class="headerlink" title="2.3 赋值运算符（隐含强制类型转换）"></a>2.3 赋值运算符（隐含强制类型转换）</h5><h5 id="2-4-自增自减运算符"><a href="#2-4-自增自减运算符" class="headerlink" title="2-4 自增自减运算符"></a>2-4 自增自减运算符</h5><h5 id="2-5-关系运算符"><a href="#2-5-关系运算符" class="headerlink" title="2-5 关系运算符"></a>2-5 关系运算符</h5><h5 id="2-6-逻辑运算符（连接关系运算符和布尔运算符）"><a href="#2-6-逻辑运算符（连接关系运算符和布尔运算符）" class="headerlink" title="2-6 逻辑运算符（连接关系运算符和布尔运算符）"></a>2-6 逻辑运算符（连接关系运算符和布尔运算符）</h5><ol>
<li></li>
</ol>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>逻辑与</th>
<th>&amp;</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr>
<td>逻辑或</td>
<td>|</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>逻辑异或</td>
<td>^（ab结果不同为true，相同为false）</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>逻辑非</td>
<td>！</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<ol start="2">
<li>短路逻辑运算符</li>
</ol>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>短路逻辑与</th>
<th>&amp;&amp;</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr>
<td>断路逻辑或</td>
<td>||</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>短路逻辑异或</td>
<td>^（ab结果不同为true，相同为false）</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>短路逻辑非</td>
<td>！</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<ol start="2">
<li></li>
</ol>
<h5 id="2-7-流程控制：顺序，分支，循环结构"><a href="#2-7-流程控制：顺序，分支，循环结构" class="headerlink" title="2-7 流程控制：顺序，分支，循环结构"></a>2-7 流程控制：顺序，分支，循环结构</h5><ol>
<li><p>Random的作用和使用步骤</p>
<ul>
<li><p>用于产生一个随机数</p>
</li>
<li><figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">`导包`import java.util.Random;`</span><br><span class="line">创建对象： Romdom r=new Random();</span><br><span class="line">获取随机数： int number = r.nextInt(10);   //获取数据的范围：[0,10)</span><br><span class="line">获取1-100之间的随机数： int x=r.nextInt(100)+1;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ol>
<h5 id="2-8-数组定义"><a href="#2-8-数组定义" class="headerlink" title="2-8 数组定义"></a>2-8 数组定义</h5><ol>
<li>内存分配</li>
</ol>
<p><img src="D:/Front-end/%E5%85%B6%E4%BB%96%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E7%9A%84%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0/Java/%E7%AC%94%E8%AE%B0%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%87/java%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80/8.png" alt="8"></p>
<ol start="2">
<li><p>多个数组指向相同</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">int[] arr = new int[3];</span><br><span class="line">arr[0] = 100;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">int[] arr2 = arr;      //arr就是个地址，定义第二个数组指向第一个数组</span><br><span class="line">arr2[0] = 111;</span><br><span class="line">arr2[1] = 222;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p><img src="D:/Front-end/%E5%85%B6%E4%BB%96%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E7%9A%84%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0/Java/%E7%AC%94%E8%AE%B0%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%87/java%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80/9.png" alt="9"></p>
</li>
<li><p>小问题</p>
<ul>
<li>索引越界（ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException）：</li>
<li>空指针越界：访问的数组已经不再指向堆内存的数据，造成空指针异常(NullPointerException)<img src="D:/Front-end/%E5%85%B6%E4%BB%96%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E7%9A%84%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0/Java/%E7%AC%94%E8%AE%B0%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%87/java%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80/10.png" alt="10"></li>
<li>null: 空值，引用数据类型的默认值，表示不指向任何有效对象</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ol>
<h5 id="2-9-方法重载"><a href="#2-9-方法重载" class="headerlink" title="2-9 方法重载"></a>2-9 方法重载</h5><ol>
<li><p>方法重载指在同一个类中定义的多个方法之间的关系，满足下列条件的多个方法相互构成重载</p>
<ul>
<li>多个方法在同一个类中</li>
<li>多个方法具有相同的类名</li>
<li>多个方法的参数不相同，类型不同或者数量不同<img src="D:/Front-end/%E5%85%B6%E4%BB%96%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E7%9A%84%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0/Java/%E7%AC%94%E8%AE%B0%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%87/java%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80/11.png" alt="11"></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p>样例代码：比较两个整数是否相等，兼容全整数类型</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">public static void main(String[] args)&#123;</span><br><span class="line">	System.out.println(compare(10,20))</span><br><span class="line">;&#125;</span><br><span class="line">public static boolean compare(int a， int b )&#123;</span><br><span class="line">	return a == b;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;;</span><br><span class="line">public static boolean compare(long a,long b)&#123;</span><br><span class="line">	return a== b;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li>
</ol>
<h5 id="3-3-方法的参数传递"><a href="#3-3-方法的参数传递" class="headerlink" title="3-3 方法的参数传递"></a>3-3 方法的参数传递</h5><ol>
<li><p>基本数据类型：形参的改变不影响实参的改变</p>
<img src="D:/Front-end/%E5%85%B6%E4%BB%96%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E7%9A%84%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0/Java/%E7%AC%94%E8%AE%B0%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%87/java%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80/12.png" alt="12" style="zoom:25%;" /></li>
<li><p>引用类型： <strong>形式参数的改变影响实际参数的改变</strong></p>
<p><img src="D:/Front-end/%E5%85%B6%E4%BB%96%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E7%9A%84%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0/Java/%E7%AC%94%E8%AE%B0%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%87/java%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80/14.png" alt="14"><img src="D:/Front-end/%E5%85%B6%E4%BB%96%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E7%9A%84%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0/Java/%E7%AC%94%E8%AE%B0%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%87/java%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80/13.png" alt="13"></p>
</li>
</ol>
<h2 id="第三章-类和对象"><a href="#第三章-类和对象" class="headerlink" title="第三章 类和对象"></a>第三章 类和对象</h2><h5 id="3-1-类和对象"><a href="#3-1-类和对象" class="headerlink" title="3-1 类和对象"></a>3-1 类和对象</h5><ol>
<li><ul>
<li>类是对象的数据类型</li>
<li>类是对现实生活中具有相同属性和行为的一组对象的抽象，确定对象将会拥有的属性和行为</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p>类是对象的抽象，对象是类的实体</p>
</li>
<li><p>类的组成： 属性和行为</p>
<ul>
<li>属性： 在类中通过<strong>成员变量</strong>来体现</li>
<li>行为： 在类中通过<strong>成员方法</strong>来体现</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ol>
<h5 id="3-2-成员变量和局部变量"><a href="#3-2-成员变量和局部变量" class="headerlink" title="3-2 成员变量和局部变量"></a>3-2 成员变量和局部变量</h5><ol>
<li><p><img src="D:/Front-end/%E5%85%B6%E4%BB%96%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E7%9A%84%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0/Java/%E7%AC%94%E8%AE%B0%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%87/java%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80/15.png" alt="15"></p>
</li>
<li><p>成员变量和局部变量的区别；</p>
<p><img src="D:/Front-end/%E5%85%B6%E4%BB%96%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E7%9A%84%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0/Java/%E7%AC%94%E8%AE%B0%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%87/java%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80/16.png" alt="16"></p>
</li>
</ol>
<h5 id="3-3-封装和this"><a href="#3-3-封装和this" class="headerlink" title="3-3 封装和this"></a>3-3 封装和this</h5><ol>
<li>```<br>public void setAge(int a) {<pre><code>if(a&lt;0 || a&gt;120) &#123;
    System.out.println(&quot;你给的年龄有误&quot;);
&#125;else &#123;
    age = a;
&#125;
</code></pre>
}<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">2. this修饰的变量指代成员变量</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">   - 方法的形参如果与成员变量同名，不带this修饰的变量指的是形参，不是成员变量</span><br><span class="line">   - 没有与成员变量同名，不带this修饰的变量值得是成员变量</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">3. this内存原理：</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">##### 3-4 封装</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">1. 面向对象的三大特征之处： 封装，继承，多态</span><br><span class="line">2. 封装的好处： -</span><br><span class="line">   - 通过方法来控制成员变量的操作，提高代码的安全性</span><br><span class="line">   - 把代码用方法封装，提高代码的复用性</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">##### 3-5 构造方法：主要完成对象的数据初始化</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">1. - 当一个类中没有给出任何的构造方法，系统将给出默认的无参构造方法</span><br><span class="line">   - 如果定义了带参构造方法，系统将不再提供默认的构造方法</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">2. 构造方法的重载：如果定义了带参构造方法，还要使用无参构造方法，就必须要再写一个无参构造方法</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">3. **无论是否适用，都要手动给出无参构造方法**</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">4. ````</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">##### 3-6 标准类的制作</span><br><span class="line"></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
测试类，主类<br>public static void main(String[]args){<br> Student s1 = new Student();<br> s1.setName(“林青霞”);<br> s1.setAge(30);<br> s1.show();<br>}<br>public class Student {<br> private String name;<br> private int age; //构造方法<br> public Student(){ }<br> public Student(Stirng name ,int age){<pre><code> this.name = name;
 thia.age = age;
</code></pre>
 } //成员方法<br> public void setName(String name) {<pre><code> this.naem =name;
</code></pre>
 }<br> public String getName{<pre><code> return name;
</code></pre>
 }<br> public void setAge(int age){<pre><code> this.age =age;
</code></pre>
 }<br> public int getAge(int age){<pre><code> this.age =age;
</code></pre>
 }<br> public void Show(){<pre><code> System.out.println(name+&quot;,&quot;+age);
</code></pre>
 }<br>}<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br><span class="line">39</span><br><span class="line">40</span><br><span class="line">41</span><br><span class="line">42</span><br><span class="line">43</span><br><span class="line">44</span><br><span class="line">45</span><br><span class="line">46</span><br><span class="line">47</span><br><span class="line">48</span><br><span class="line">49</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">##### 3-7 API 概述</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">1. API（Application Programming Interface）:应用程序编程接口</span><br><span class="line">   - 指的是JDK中提供的各种功能的java类，这些类将底层的实现封装了起来</span><br><span class="line">2. 在调用方法的是时候，如果方法有明确的返回值，我们用变量接受，也可以使用快捷键方式完成（Atrl+Alt+v）</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">##　第四章 String类</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">#### 第一部分 String</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">##### 4-1 </span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">1. String类代表字符串，Java程序中所有的双引号字符串，都是Strind类的对象 </span><br><span class="line">   - 字符串在创建之后不可被改动</span><br><span class="line">   - Stirng可以被共享</span><br><span class="line">   - 字符串效果上相当于字符数组（char[]），但是底层原理是字节数组（byte[]）</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">![17](D:/Front-end/%E5%85%B6%E4%BB%96%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E7%9A%84%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0/Java/%E7%AC%94%E8%AE%B0%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%87/java%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80/17.png)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">2. String 对象的特点</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">   - 通过new创建的字符串对象，每一次new都会申请一个内存空间，虽然内容相同，但是地址值不同</span><br><span class="line">   - 以“”方式给出的字符串，只要字符序列相同，无论在程序代码中出现几次，JVM都会建立一个String对象（同一个对象）</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">   ![img](C:/Users/Hannah/AppData/Roaming/Tencent/Users/2457671377/QQ/WinTemp/RichOle/1~%60FQ%5BQ@A%7D_1NWN2V5B8X1Q.png)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">3. 字符串的比较（使用==作比较）</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">   - 基本类型：比较的是**数据值**是否相同</span><br><span class="line">   - 引用类型： 比较的是**地址值**是否相等</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">   **字符串是对象，他比较内容是否相同，是通过一个方法来实现的（equals（））**</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">4. 遍历字符串</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">   - 键盘录入一个字符串，用Scanner实现</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">   - 遍历字符串，首先要获取字符串中的每一个字符</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">   - 遍历字符串，其次要能够获取到字符串的长度</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">     - 数组的长度:数组名.length</span><br><span class="line">     - 字符串的长度： 字符串对象.length()</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">   - 便利字符串的通用格式</span><br><span class="line"></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
  for(int i = ;i&lt;s.lengrh();i++){<pre><code>  s.charAt(i);        //就是指定索引处的字符串     
</code></pre>
  }  <figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">   </span><br><span class="line"></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
//例子：<br>public class StringTest{<pre><code>public static void main(String[] args)&#123;
    Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
    System.out.println(&quot;请输入一个字符串&quot;);
    String line = sc.nextLine();
    for(int i = 0;i&lt;line.length();i++)&#123;
        System.out.println(line.charAt(i));
    &#125;
&#125;
</code></pre>
}<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">   </span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">   </span><br><span class="line">##### 4-2 案例：统计字符次数(统计字符串中大写字母字符，小写字母字符，数字字符出现的次数)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">1. 思路： </span><br><span class="line">   - 键盘录入一个字符串，用Scanner实现</span><br><span class="line">   - 要统计三种类型的字符个数，需定义三个统计变量，初始值都为0</span><br><span class="line">   - 遍历字符串，得到每一个字符</span><br><span class="line">     - 大写字母: ch&gt;=&#x27;A&#x27;&amp;&amp;ch&lt;=&#x27;z&#x27;</span><br><span class="line">     - 小写字母: ch&gt;=&#x27;a&#x27;&amp;&amp;ch&lt;=&#x27;z&#x27;</span><br><span class="line">     - 数字</span><br><span class="line">   </span><br><span class="line">2. ```</span><br><span class="line">   Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);</span><br><span class="line">   System.out.println(&quot;请输入一个字符串&quot;);</span><br><span class="line">   String line = sc.nextline();</span><br><span class="line">   </span><br><span class="line">   int bigCount = 0;</span><br><span class="line">   int smallCount = 0;</span><br><span class="line">   int numberCount = 0;</span><br><span class="line">   </span><br><span class="line">   //便利字符串,得到每一个字符</span><br><span class="line">   for(int i=0; i&lt;line.length();i++)&#123;</span><br><span class="line">   	char ch = line.charAt(i);</span><br><span class="line">   	//判断该字符属于那种类型,然后对应类型的统计变量+1</span><br><span class="line">   	if(ch&gt;=&#x27;A&#x27; &amp;&amp; ch&lt;=&#x27;z&#x27;)&#123;</span><br><span class="line">   		</span><br><span class="line">   	&#125;	</span><br><span class="line">   &#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li>
</ol>
<h5 id="4-3-案例-拼接字符串-定义一个方法-把int数组中的数据按照指定的格式拼接成一个字符串返回-调用该方法-字符串反转"><a href="#4-3-案例-拼接字符串-定义一个方法-把int数组中的数据按照指定的格式拼接成一个字符串返回-调用该方法-字符串反转" class="headerlink" title="4-3 案例: 拼接字符串(定义一个方法,把int数组中的数据按照指定的格式拼接成一个字符串返回,调用该方法)   ++++++字符串反转"></a>4-3 案例: 拼接字符串(定义一个方法,把int数组中的数据按照指定的格式拼接成一个字符串返回,调用该方法)   ++++++字符串反转</h5><ol>
<li><p>思路: </p>
<ul>
<li>定义一个int类型的数组,用静态初始化完成元素的初始化</li>
<li>定义一个方法,用于把int数组中的数据按照指定格式拼接成一个字符串返回,返回值类型String,参数列表int[] arr</li>
<li>在方法中便利数组,按要求进行拼接</li>
<li>调用方法,用一个变量接受结果</li>
<li>输出结果</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p>```<br>int[] arr = {1,2,3};<br>String s = arrayToString(arr);<br>System.out.println(“s:”+s);</p>
<p>public static String arrayToString(int[] arr){</p>
<pre><code>String s= &quot;&quot;;
s+=&quot;[&quot;;
for(int i = 0;i&lt;arr.length; i++)&#123;
 if(i == arr.length; i++)&#123;
     if(i==arr.length-1) &#123;
         s+=arr[i];
     &#125;else&#123;
         s+=arr[i];
         s+=&quot;,&quot;;
     &#125;
     
 &#125;
 s +=&quot;]&quot;;
&#125;
</code></pre>
<p>}</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">3. 字符串反转(**定义一个方法,明确返回值类型和参数**)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>public static String reverse(String s){</p>
<pre><code>String ss=&quot;&quot;;

for(int i = s.length()-1; i&gt;0; i--)&#123;
    ss+=a.charAt[i]
&#125;
return ss;
</code></pre>
<p>}</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">##### 4-4 通过帮助文档查看String方法</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">1. </span><br><span class="line">2. </span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">#### 第二部分 StringBuilder</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">##### 4-5 StringBuilder概述</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">1. StringBuilder是一个可变的字符串类，可以把它看作一个容器</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">   - 可变指的是StringBuilder对象中的内容是可变的</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">2. StringBuilder构造方法：</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">   - public StringBuilder( ),创建一个空白可变字符串对象，不含有任何内容</span><br><span class="line">     - `StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();`</span><br><span class="line">   - public StringBuilder（String str），根据字符串的内容，来创建可变字符串对象</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">3. StringBuilder的添加和反转方法</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">   - public StringBuilder append(任意类型)： 添加数据，并返回对象本身</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">   - public StringBuilder reverse(): 返回相反的字符序列</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">   - 链式编程： </span><br><span class="line"></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>  Stringbuffer sb=new StringBuffer();<br>  sb.append(‘hello’).append(‘world’).append(100);</p>
  <figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">##### 4-5 StringBuilder和String的相互转换</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">1. StringBuilder转化为String: `toString()`</span><br><span class="line"></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();<br>String s = sb.toString();<br>System.out.println(s);</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">2. String转化成StringBuilder</span><br><span class="line"></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>String s = “hello”;<br>StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(s);</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">##### 4-6 StringBuilder拼接字符串</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">1. 拼接字符串</span><br><span class="line"></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>public static String arrayToString(int[] arr) {</p>
<pre><code>StringBuilder ab = new StringBuilder();
ab.append(&quot;[&quot;);
for(int i = 0;i&lt;arr.length;i++)&#123;
    if(i == arr.length-1)&#123;
        sb.append(arr[i]);
        
    &#125;else&#123;
        
    &#125;
&#125;
sb.append(&quot;]&quot;);
String s = sb.toString();
return s;
</code></pre>
<p>}</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">2. 字符串反转：</span><br><span class="line"></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>public class tt {</p>
<pre><code>public static void main(String[] args)&#123;
    Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
    System.out.println(&quot;请输入一个字符串&quot;);
    String line = sc.nextLine();
    String s = myReverse(line);
    System.out.println(&quot;s&quot;);
&#125;
</code></pre>
<p>}<br>public static String myReverse(String s){</p>
<pre><code>return new StringBuilder(s).reverse().toString();
</code></pre>
<p>}</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">## 第五章 集合</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">&gt; Collection</span><br><span class="line">&gt;</span><br><span class="line">&gt; List</span><br><span class="line">&gt;</span><br><span class="line">&gt; Set</span><br><span class="line">&gt;</span><br><span class="line">&gt; 泛型</span><br><span class="line">&gt;</span><br><span class="line">&gt; Map</span><br><span class="line">&gt;</span><br><span class="line">&gt; Collection</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">##### 5-1 ArrayList集合</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">1. 编程的时候储存多个数据，使用长度固定的数组储存格式，不一定满足我们的需求</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">2. 集合类的特点： 提供一种存储空间可变的存储模型，存储的数据容量可以发生改变</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">   - 集合类有很多，其一：ArrayList</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">3. `ArrayList&lt;E&gt;`</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">   - 可调整大小的数组实现</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">   - `&lt;E&gt;`:是一种特殊的数据类型，泛型</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">   - 在所有出现E的地方，我们可以使用引用数据类型替换</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">     | 方法名                                 | 说明                               |</span><br><span class="line">     | -------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------- |</span><br><span class="line">     | public ArrayList（）                   | 创建一个空的集合对象               |</span><br><span class="line">     | public boolean add(E e)                | 将指定的元素追加到此集合的末尾     |</span><br><span class="line">     | public void add（int index,E element） | 在此集合中的指定位置插入指定的元素 |</span><br><span class="line"></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>  public static void main(String[] args){</p>
<pre><code>  //创建集合
  ArrayList&lt;String&gt; array =new ArrayList&lt;String&gt;();
  
  //添加元素
  array.add(&quot;hello&quot;);
  array.add(&quot;world&quot;);
  array.add(&quot;java&quot;);
  array.add(1,&quot;javase&quot;);
  
  //删除
  System.out.println(array.remove(3));
  
  //修改
</code></pre>
<p>  System.out.println(array.set(1,”javaee”));</p>
<pre><code>  //返回指定索引处的元素
  System.out.println(array.get(0));
  System.out.println(array.get(1));
  System.out.println(array.get(2));
  
  //返回集合中的元素的个数、
  System.out.println(array.size());
  
  System.out.println(&quot;array:&quot;+array);
</code></pre>
<p>  }</p>
  <figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">4. ArrayList集合常用方法：</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">   | 方法名                             | 说明                                   |</span><br><span class="line">   | ---------------------------------- | -------------------------------------- |</span><br><span class="line">   | public boolean remove(Object o)    | 删除指定的元素，返回删除是否成功       |</span><br><span class="line">   | public E remove(int index)         | 删除指定索引处的元素，返回被删除的元素 |</span><br><span class="line">   | public E set (int index,E element) | 修改指定索引处的元素，返回被修改的元素 |</span><br><span class="line">   | public E get(int index)            | 返回指定索引处的元素                   |</span><br><span class="line">   | public int size()                  | 返回集合中的元素的个数                 |</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">   </span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">##### 5- 2 案例： 存储字符串并遍历：（创建一个存储字符串的集合，存储3个字符串元素，实用程序实现在控制台遍历该集合）</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">1. 创建一个储存字符串的集合，存储3个字符串元素，使用程序实现在控制台遍历该集合</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">   - 思路：</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">     - 创建集合对象</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">     - 往集合中添加字符串对象</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">     - 遍历集合，首先要get(int index)获取到集合中的每一个元素，能够获取集合的长度，通过size（）方法实现</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">     - 遍历集合的通用格式</span><br><span class="line"></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<pre><code>for(int i = 0;i&lt;集合对象.size();i++)&#123;
    集合对象.get(i)就是指定索引处的元素
&#125;
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">2. ```</span><br><span class="line">   public class ArrayList&#123;</span><br><span class="line">   	public static void main()&#123;</span><br><span class="line">   		//创建集合对象</span><br><span class="line">   		ArrayList&lt;String&gt; array = new ArrayList &lt;String&gt;();</span><br><span class="line">   		</span><br><span class="line">   		//往集合中添加字符串对象</span><br><span class="line">   		array.add(&quot;刘正风&quot;);</span><br><span class="line">   		array.add(&quot;左冷禅&quot;);</span><br><span class="line">   		array.add(&quot;风清扬&quot;);</span><br><span class="line">   		</span><br><span class="line">   		//遍历集合，首先要能够获取到集合中的每一个元素，通过get(int index);方法实现</span><br><span class="line">   		//System.out.println(array.get(0));</span><br><span class="line">   		//System.out.println(array.get(1));</span><br><span class="line">   		//System.out.println(array.get(2));</span><br><span class="line">   		</span><br><span class="line">   		</span><br><span class="line">   		//遍历集合，其次要能够获取到集合的长度，通过size（）方法实现</span><br><span class="line">   		for(int i = 0;i&lt;array.size();i++)&#123;</span><br><span class="line">   			String s = array.get(i);</span><br><span class="line">   			System.out.println(s);</span><br><span class="line">   		&#125;</span><br><span class="line">   	&#125;</span><br><span class="line">   &#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</code></pre>
</li>
</ol>
<h5 id="5-3-集合体系结构"><a href="#5-3-集合体系结构" class="headerlink" title="5-3 集合体系结构"></a>5-3 集合体系结构</h5><ol>
<li><p>集合类的特点：提供一种存储空间可变的存储模型，存储的数据容量可以随时改变</p>
<ul>
<li><p>Collection（单列）</p>
<ul>
<li><p>List（可重复）</p>
</li>
<li><p>Set（不可重复）<img src="D:/Front-end/%E5%85%B6%E4%BB%96%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E7%9A%84%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0/Java/%E7%AC%94%E8%AE%B0%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%87/java%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80/38.png" alt="38"></p>
<p><img src="D:/Front-end/%E5%85%B6%E4%BB%96%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E7%9A%84%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0/Java/%E7%AC%94%E8%AE%B0%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%87/java%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80/36.png" alt="36"><img src="D:/Front-end/%E5%85%B6%E4%BB%96%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E7%9A%84%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0/Java/%E7%AC%94%E8%AE%B0%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%87/java%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80/37.png" alt="37"></p>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p>Map（双列）</p>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p>Collection集合概述和使用</p>
<ul>
<li>Collection集合概述<ul>
<li>是单例集合的顶层接口，表示一组对象，这些对象称为COllection的元素</li>
<li>JDK不提供此接口的任何直接实现，提供更具体的子接口（Set和List）实现</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>创建Collection集合的对象<ul>
<li>对象的方式</li>
<li>具体的实现类：ArrayList</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p>集合常用方法</p>
<p><img src="D:/Front-end/%E5%85%B6%E4%BB%96%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E7%9A%84%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0/Java/%E7%AC%94%E8%AE%B0%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%87/java%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80/39.png" alt="39"></p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">&#123;</span><br><span class="line">	Collection&lt;String&gt; c = new ArrayList&lt;String&gt;();</span><br><span class="line">	c.add(&quot;hello&quot;);</span><br><span class="line">	c.remove(&quot;world&quot;);</span><br><span class="line">	c.clear;</span><br><span class="line">	Sysout(c.isEmpty());      //false</span><br><span class="line">	Sysou(c.contains(&quot;hrllo&quot;));     //false</span><br><span class="line">	c.size();</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li>
</ol>
<h5 id="5-4-Collection集合的遍历"><a href="#5-4-Collection集合的遍历" class="headerlink" title="5-4 Collection集合的遍历"></a>5-4 Collection集合的遍历</h5><ol>
<li><p><code>iterator()</code>:返回此集合下元素的迭代器</p>
<ul>
<li>在java.util包下</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p>Iterator： 迭代器，集合的专用遍历方式</p>
<ul>
<li><code>Iterator&lt;E&gt; iterator()</code>: 返回此方法中元素的迭代器，通过集合的iterator()方法得到</li>
<li>迭代器是通过集合的iterator（）方法得到的，所以我们说它是依赖于集合存在的</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p>Iterator中放入常用方法：</p>
<ul>
<li><code>E next()</code>: 返回迭代中的下一个元素</li>
<li><code>boolean hasNext()</code>: 如果迭代具有更多元素，则返回true</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p>l例子：Collection遍历</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">&#123;</span><br><span class="line">	Collection&lt;String&gt; c = new ArrayList&lt;String&gt;();</span><br><span class="line">	c.add(&quot;hello&quot;);</span><br><span class="line">	c.add(&quot;i&quot;);</span><br><span class="line">	</span><br><span class="line">	Iterator&lt;String&gt; it = c.iterator();</span><br><span class="line">	while(it.hasNext())&#123;</span><br><span class="line">		//Sysout(it.next);</span><br><span class="line">		String s = it.next();</span><br><span class="line">		Sysout(s);</span><br><span class="line">	&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li>
</ol>
<p><img src="D:/Front-end/%E5%85%B6%E4%BB%96%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E7%9A%84%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0/Java/%E7%AC%94%E8%AE%B0%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%87/java%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80/40.png" alt="40"></p>
<ol start="5">
<li><p>Collection集合存储学生对象并遍历(需求： 创建一个存储学生对象的集合，存储3各学生对象，使用程序实现在控制台遍历该集合)</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">&#123;//创建集合对象</span><br><span class="line">	Collection&lt;studenet&gt; c = new ArrayList&lt;student&gt;();</span><br><span class="line">	//创建学生对象</span><br><span class="line">	Student s1 = new Student(&quot;林青霞&quot;，30);</span><br><span class="line">	Student s2 = new Student(&quot;林青霞&quot;，35);</span><br><span class="line">	Student s3 = new Student(&quot;林青霞&quot;，33);</span><br><span class="line">	</span><br><span class="line">	//把学生添加到集合</span><br><span class="line">    c.add(s1);</span><br><span class="line">    c.add(s2);</span><br><span class="line">    c.add(s3);</span><br><span class="line">    </span><br><span class="line">    //遍历集合（迭代器方式）</span><br><span class="line">    Iterator&lt;Student&gt; it = c.iterator();</span><br><span class="line">    while(it.hasNext())&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    	Student s = it.next();</span><br><span class="line">    	Sysout(s.getName()+&quot;，&quot;+s.getAge());</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li>
</ol>
<h5 id="5-5-List集合概述"><a href="#5-5-List集合概述" class="headerlink" title="5-5  List集合概述"></a>5-5  List集合概述</h5><ol>
<li><p>List集合概述：</p>
<ul>
<li>有序集合（序列），用户可以精确控制列表中每个元素的插入位置。用户可以通过整数索引访问元素，并搜索列表中的元素</li>
<li>与Set集合不同，列表通常允许重复的元素</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p>List集合特点：</p>
<ul>
<li><p>有序： 存储和取出的元素顺序一致</p>
</li>
<li><p>可重复： 存储的元素可以重复</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">&#123;</span><br><span class="line">	List&lt;String&gt; list = new ArrayList&lt;String&gt;();</span><br><span class="line">	</span><br><span class="line">	list.add(&quot;hello&quot;);</span><br><span class="line">	list.add(&quot;world&quot;);</span><br><span class="line">	</span><br><span class="line">	//输出集合对象</span><br><span class="line">	Sysout(List);</span><br><span class="line">	</span><br><span class="line">	//迭代器的方式遍历</span><br><span class="line">	Iterator&lt;String&gt; it =list.iterator();</span><br><span class="line">    while(it.hasNext()) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    	String s = it.next();</span><br><span class="line">    	Sysout(s);</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p>List集合特有方法：</p>
<p><img src="D:/Front-end/%E5%85%B6%E4%BB%96%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E7%9A%84%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0/Java/%E7%AC%94%E8%AE%B0%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%87/java%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80/41.png" alt="41"></p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">List&lt;String&gt; list = =new ArrrayLiat&lt;String&gt;();</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">list.add(1,&quot;hello&quot;);   //IndexOutOfBoundException</span><br><span class="line">list.remove(0);     //返回所引致的元素hello</span><br><span class="line">list.set(0.&quot;world&quot;);</span><br><span class="line">list.get(1);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li>
<li><p>List集合存储学生对象并遍历</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">&#123;</span><br><span class="line">	List&lt;Student&gt; s1 = new ArrayList&lt;Student&gt;();</span><br><span class="line">	Student s1 = new Student(&quot;&quot;,30);</span><br><span class="line">    Student s2 = new Student(&quot;张曼玉&quot;，33)</span><br><span class="line">    Student s3 = new Student(&quot;王祖贤&quot;，33);</span><br><span class="line">    </span><br><span class="line">    //把学生添加到集合</span><br><span class="line">    list.add(s1);</span><br><span class="line">    list.add(s2);</span><br><span class="line">    list.add(s3);</span><br><span class="line">    </span><br><span class="line">    //迭代器方式</span><br><span class="line">    Iterator&lt;Student&gt; it = list.iterator();</span><br><span class="line">    while(it.haNext())&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    	Student s = it.next();</span><br><span class="line">    	Sysout(s.getName+&quot;，&quot;+s.getAge());</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    </span><br><span class="line">    //for循环方式</span><br><span class="line">    for(int i = 0;i&lt;list.size();i++)&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    	Student s = list.get(i);</span><br><span class="line">    	Sysout(s.getName()+s.getAge());</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li>
<li><p>并发修改异常<code>ConcurrentModificationException</code></p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">List&lt;String&gt; list = new ArrayList&lt;String&gt;();</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">list.add(&quot;hello&quot;);</span><br><span class="line">list.add(&quot;world&quot;);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">Iterator&lt;String&gt; it = list.iterator();</span><br><span class="line">while(it.hasNext())&#123;</span><br><span class="line">	String s = it.next();</span><br><span class="line">	if(s.equals(&quot;world&quot;))&#123;</span><br><span class="line">		list.add(&quot;javaee&quot;);</span><br><span class="line">	&#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line">for(int i =0;i&lt;list.size();i++)&#123;</span><br><span class="line">	String s = list.get(i);</span><br><span class="line">	if(s.equals(&quot;world&quot;))&#123;</span><br><span class="line">		list.add(&quot;javaee&quot;);</span><br><span class="line">	&#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<ul>
<li>产生原因： 迭代器遍历的过程中，通过集合对象修改集合中元素的长度，造成迭代器获取元素中判断预期修改值和实际修改值不一致</li>
<li>解决: for循环遍历，然后用集合对象做对应的操作即可</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p><code>Listlterator</code>: 列表迭代器</p>
<ul>
<li>通过List集合的listIterator()方法得到，所以说是List集合特有的迭代器</li>
<li><img src="D:/Front-end/%E5%85%B6%E4%BB%96%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E7%9A%84%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0/Java/%E7%AC%94%E8%AE%B0%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%87/java%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80/42.png" alt="42"></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p>增强for循环： 简化数组和Collection集合的遍历</p>
<ul>
<li><p>实现Iterable接口的类允许其对象成为增强型for语句的目标</p>
</li>
<li><p>内部原理是Iterator迭代器</p>
</li>
<li><p>格式：</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">for(元素数组类型 变量名：数组或者Collection集合)&#123;</span><br><span class="line">	//在此处使用变量即可，该变量就是元素</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line">例子：</span><br><span class="line">&#123;</span><br><span class="line">	int[] arr = &#123;1,2,2,3,4&#125;;</span><br><span class="line">	for(inti:arr)&#123;</span><br><span class="line">		Sysout(i);</span><br><span class="line">	&#125;</span><br><span class="line">	</span><br><span class="line">	String[] strArray = &#123;&quot;hello&quot;,&quot;world&quot;,&quot;java&quot;&#125;;</span><br><span class="line">	for(String s :strArray)&#123;</span><br><span class="line">		Sysout(s);</span><br><span class="line">	&#125;</span><br><span class="line">	</span><br><span class="line">	list&lt;String&gt;list = new ArrayList&lt;String&gt;();</span><br><span class="line">	list.add(&quot;hello&quot;);</span><br><span class="line">	list.add(&quot;world&quot;);</span><br><span class="line">	for(String s:list) &#123;   //内部是Iterator迭代器</span><br><span class="line">		Sysout(s);</span><br><span class="line">	&#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p>list集合存储学生对象</p>
<p><img src="D:/Front-end/%E5%85%B6%E4%BB%96%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E7%9A%84%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0/Java/%E7%AC%94%E8%AE%B0%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%87/java%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80/43.png" alt="43"></p>
</li>
</ol>
<h5 id="5-6-数据结构"><a href="#5-6-数据结构" class="headerlink" title="5-6 数据结构"></a>5-6 数据结构</h5><ol>
<li><p>常见数据结构之栈：</p>
<ul>
<li><p>数据进入栈模型的过程： 压/进栈</p>
</li>
<li><p>数据离开栈模型的过程：弹/出栈</p>
<p><strong>栈是一种数据先进后出的模型</strong><img src="D:/Front-end/%E5%85%B6%E4%BB%96%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E7%9A%84%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0/Java/%E7%AC%94%E8%AE%B0%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%87/java%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80/44.png" alt="44"></p>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p>常见数据结构之队列</p>
<ul>
<li><p>数据从后端进入队列模型的过程称为： 入队列</p>
</li>
<li><p>数据从前端离开队列模型的过程称为： 出队列</p>
<p><strong>队列是一种数据先进后出的模型</strong><img src="D:/Front-end/%E5%85%B6%E4%BB%96%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E7%9A%84%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0/Java/%E7%AC%94%E8%AE%B0%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%87/java%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80/45.png" alt="45"></p>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p>常见数据结构之数组</p>
<p>数组是一种查询快，增删慢的模型</p>
<ul>
<li>删除数据时，要将原始数据删除之后，同时后面每个数据前移，删除效率低</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p>常见数据结构之链表</p>
<ul>
<li>增删快，查询慢</li>
<li>查询数据D是否存在，必须从头（head）开始查询</li>
</ul>
<p><img src="D:/Front-end/%E5%85%B6%E4%BB%96%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E7%9A%84%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0/Java/%E7%AC%94%E8%AE%B0%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%87/java%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80/46.png" alt="46"></p>
<p><img src="D:/Front-end/%E5%85%B6%E4%BB%96%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E7%9A%84%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0/Java/%E7%AC%94%E8%AE%B0%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%87/java%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80/47.png" alt="47"></p>
</li>
</ol>
<h5 id="5-7-List集合子类的特点："><a href="#5-7-List集合子类的特点：" class="headerlink" title="5-7 List集合子类的特点："></a>5-7 List集合子类的特点：</h5><ol>
<li>List集合子类特点：<ul>
<li>集合常用子类： ArrayList,LinkedList</li>
<li>ArratList: 底层数据结构是数组，查询快，增删慢</li>
<li>LinkedList：底层数据结构是链表，查询慢，增删快</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ol>
<h2 id="第六章-继承"><a href="#第六章-继承" class="headerlink" title="第六章 继承"></a>第六章 继承</h2><h5 id="6-1-好处"><a href="#6-1-好处" class="headerlink" title="6-1 好处"></a>6-1 好处</h5><ol>
<li>提高了复用性，维护性，</li>
<li>类与类之间产生了挂你先，类的耦合性增强了。当父类变化时子类实现也跟着变化，削弱了子类的独立性</li>
</ol>
<h5 id="6-2-super"><a href="#6-2-super" class="headerlink" title="6-2 super"></a>6-2 super</h5><ol>
<li><p>super关键字的用法和this关键字的用法</p>
<ul>
<li>this代表成员变量的引用</li>
<li>super： 代表父类存储空间的标识（可以理解为父类对象引用）</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p><img src="D:/Front-end/%E5%85%B6%E4%BB%96%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E7%9A%84%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0/Java/%E7%AC%94%E8%AE%B0%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%87/java%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80/18.png" alt="18"></p>
</li>
<li><p>```<br>public class Zi extends Fu{</p>
<pre><code>public int age = 20;
public void show() &#123;
    int age = 30;
    System.out.println(this.age);    //20
    System.out.println(this.age);    //访问fu类中的成员变量age
&#125;
</code></pre>
<p>}</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">4. 构造方法的访问特点： </span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">   **子类中所有的构造方法默认都会访问父类中无参的构造方法**</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">   - 因为子类会继承父类中的数据，还会使用父类中的数据。子类实例化之前，一定要先完成父类数据的初始化</span><br><span class="line">   - 每一个子类构造方法的第一条默认都是:super()</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">5. 如果父类中没有无参构造方法，只有带参构造方法，会报错</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">   - 通过使用super关键字去显示的调用父类的带参构造方法</span><br><span class="line">   - 在父类中自己提供一个无参构造方法</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">6.  继承中成员方法的访问特点</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">##### 6-3 方法重写</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">1. 子类中出现和父类中一模一样的方法声明</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">   - 当子类需要父类的功能，而功能主体子类有自己特有内容时，可以重写父类中的方法，即沿袭了父类的功能，又定义了子类特有的内容</span><br><span class="line"></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>  public class NewPhone extends Phone{</p>
<pre><code>  @override   //声明检查重写方法的正确性
  public void call(String name)&#123;
      System.out.println(&quot;开启视频功能&quot;);
      super.call(name);
  &#125;
</code></pre>
<p>  }    </p>
  <figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">2. 注意事项</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">   - 私有方法不能被重写</span><br><span class="line">   - 子类方法访问权限不能更低</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">##### 6-4 继承的注意事项</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">1. Java中类支持单继承，不支持多继承</span><br><span class="line">2. java中类支持多层继承</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">3. </span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">##### 6-5 包</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">1. </span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">##### 6-6 修饰符</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">1. 权限修饰符</span><br><span class="line">2. 状态修饰符</span><br><span class="line">   - final(最终态):x修饰成员方法，成员变量，类</span><br><span class="line">   </span><br><span class="line">     - 修饰方法/变量/类，不能被重写/赋值/继承</span><br><span class="line">   </span><br><span class="line">     - final修饰局部变量</span><br><span class="line">   </span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<pre><code>//final修饰引用类型变量(地址值不能变，但是地址里面的内容是可以变的)
final Student s = new Student();
s.age = 100;
System.out.println(s.age)
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    </span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">- static关键字是静态的意思，可以修饰成员方法，成员变量【**被类的所有对象共享，我们判断是否使用静态关键字的条件**】</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">  - 主函数中`</span><br><span class="line"></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
Student.university = &quot;传智大学;&quot;
Student s1 = new Student();
s1.name = &quot;林青菜&quot;
s1.age = 30;
s1.show();

Student s2 = new Student();
s2.name = &quot;风清扬&quot;;
s2.age = 33;
s2.show();
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">   </span><br><span class="line">  </span><br><span class="line">   </span><br><span class="line">- Student类中：</span><br><span class="line">   </span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
public String name;
public int age;
public static String university;
public void show() &#123;
    System.out.println(name+&quot;,&quot;+age+&quot;,&quot;+university);
&#125;
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">   </span><br><span class="line">       </span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">## 第八章 多态+抽象类+内部类</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">##### 8-1 多态概述（同一个对象，在不同时刻表现出来的不同形态）</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">1. 多态的前提和体现：</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">   - 有继承/实现关系</span><br><span class="line">   - 有方法重写</span><br><span class="line">   - 有父类引用指向子类对象</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">2. 父类引用指向子类对象时：</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">   - 访问成员变量时，编译要看左边，执行看左边；</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">   - 访问成员方法时，编译也要看左边，运行看右边</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">     （因为成员方法有重写，而成员变量没有）</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">3. - 多态的好处：提高了程序的扩展性</span><br><span class="line">     - 定义方法的时候，使用父类型作为参数，将来使用时，使用具体的子类型参与操作</span><br><span class="line">   - 多态的弊端：不能使用子类的特有功能</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">4. 多态中的转型</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">   - 从下向上</span><br><span class="line">   </span><br><span class="line">   - 从上向下</span><br><span class="line">   </span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</code></pre>
<p>  Animal a = new Cat();  //向上转型<br>  Cat c = (Cat)a     //向下转型</p>
  <figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br><span class="line">39</span><br><span class="line">40</span><br><span class="line">41</span><br><span class="line">42</span><br><span class="line">43</span><br><span class="line">44</span><br><span class="line">45</span><br><span class="line">46</span><br><span class="line">47</span><br><span class="line">48</span><br><span class="line">49</span><br><span class="line">50</span><br><span class="line">51</span><br><span class="line">52</span><br><span class="line">53</span><br><span class="line">54</span><br><span class="line">55</span><br><span class="line">56</span><br><span class="line">57</span><br><span class="line">58</span><br><span class="line">59</span><br><span class="line">60</span><br><span class="line">61</span><br><span class="line">62</span><br><span class="line">63</span><br><span class="line">64</span><br><span class="line">65</span><br><span class="line">66</span><br><span class="line">67</span><br><span class="line">68</span><br><span class="line">69</span><br><span class="line">70</span><br><span class="line">71</span><br><span class="line">72</span><br><span class="line">73</span><br><span class="line">74</span><br><span class="line">75</span><br><span class="line">76</span><br><span class="line">77</span><br><span class="line">78</span><br><span class="line">79</span><br><span class="line">80</span><br><span class="line">81</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">   </span><br><span class="line">   </span><br><span class="line">##### 8-2 抽象类</span><br><span class="line">1. 一个没有方法体的方法应该定义为抽象方法，而类中如果有抽象对象，该类定义为抽象类（抽象类中可以有成员方法【抽象（限定子类必须完...）+非抽象+构造方法（抽象类不能实例化，但是可以通过子类调用来实例化）】）</span><br><span class="line">2. 子类继承抽象方法时，重写抽象方法或者子类就是抽象类</span><br><span class="line">3. 抽象类的成员特点： </span><br><span class="line">   - 只能是常量</span><br><span class="line">   - 并且被静态修饰`public static` final</span><br><span class="line">   - 没有构造方法</span><br><span class="line">   - `public abstarct`</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">##### 8-3 接口（本身也是抽象类）interface（implements）</span><br><span class="line">1. 接口就是公共的规范，对行为的规范</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">##### 8-4 类名作为形参&amp;抽象类名作为形参和返回值</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">1. 方法的形参是类名；方法的返回值是类名</span><br><span class="line">2. 抽象类名作为形参和返回值</span><br><span class="line">   - 方法的形参是抽象类名，需要的是该抽象类的子类对象</span><br><span class="line">   - 方法的返回值是抽象类名，其实返回的是该抽象类的子类对象</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">##### 8-5 接口名作为形参和返回值</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">1. 方法的形参是接口名，需要的是接口的实现类对象</span><br><span class="line">2. 方法的返回值是接口名，返回的是该接口的实现类对象</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">##### 8-6 内部类（匿名对象类没看懂，要命）</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">1. 在一个类A中定义一个类B，类B就称为内部类</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">2. 内部类的访问特点： </span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">   - 内部类可以直接访问外部类的成员，包括私有</span><br><span class="line">   - 外部类访问内部类的成员，必须创建对象</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">3. 成员内部类：外界如何让创建对象使用呢？</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">   - 方法一：</span><br><span class="line">     - 格式： 外部类名.内部类名 = 外部类对象.内部类对象</span><br><span class="line">     - lizi: `Outer.Inner oi = new Outer().new Inner()`;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">   - 方法二</span><br><span class="line">     - 在Outer类中创建method（）方法——-&gt;`Inner i = new Inner();  i.show();`----&gt;外部调用method方法。</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">4. 局部内部类： </span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">   - 局部内部类是在方法中定义的类，外界无法是直接使用，需要在方法内部创建对象并使用</span><br><span class="line">   - 该类可以直接访问外部类的成员，也可以访问方法内的局部变量</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">5. 匿名内部类</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">   &gt; 前提：存在一个类或者接口，这里的类可以是具体类也可以是抽象类</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">   - 本质： 是一个继承该类或者实现了该接口的子类匿名对象</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">## 第九章 常用API</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">##### 9-1  Math</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">1. ![26](D:/Front-end/%E5%85%B6%E4%BB%96%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E7%9A%84%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0/Java/%E7%AC%94%E8%AE%B0%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%87/java%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80/26.png)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">##### 9-2 Object类的toString()和equals（）方法</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">1. String的equals</span><br><span class="line">   - 比较地址</span><br><span class="line">   - 需要重写方法仅比较内容</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">![27](D:/Front-end/%E5%85%B6%E4%BB%96%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E7%9A%84%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0/Java/%E7%AC%94%E8%AE%B0%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%87/java%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80/27.png)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">##### 9-3 Arrays</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">1. 排序：</span><br><span class="line"></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>import java.util.Arrays;<br>public class  {</p>
<pre><code>public static void main(String[] args)&#123;
    int[] arr = &#123;24,68,80,9,50&#125;;
    System.out.println(&quot;排序前，&quot;+Arrays.toString(arr));
    Arrays.sort(arr);
    System.out.println(&quot;排序后，&quot;+Arrays.toString(arr));
&#125;
</code></pre>
<p>}</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">   ![28](D:/Front-end/%E5%85%B6%E4%BB%96%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E7%9A%84%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0/Java/%E7%AC%94%E8%AE%B0%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%87/java%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80/28.png)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">## 第十章 基本类型包装类</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">##### 10-1  简单介绍</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">1.  如何判断基本一个数据在int范围内？</span><br><span class="line">    </span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p> System.out.println(Integer.MIN_VALUE);<br> System.out.println(Interger.MAX_VALUE);</p>
 <figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">    </span><br><span class="line">2.  将基本数据类型封装成对象的好处：可以在对象中定义更多的功能方法</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    - 用于基本数据类型与字符串之间的转换![29](D:/Front-end/%E5%85%B6%E4%BB%96%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E7%9A%84%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0/Java/%E7%AC%94%E8%AE%B0%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%87/java%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80/29.png)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">#####  10-2 Inter类的概述和使用</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">1. Integer：包装一个对象中的原始类型int的值</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">   ![30](D:/Front-end/%E5%85%B6%E4%BB%96%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E7%9A%84%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0/Java/%E7%AC%94%E8%AE%B0%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%87/java%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80/30.png)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">2.  ```</span><br><span class="line">    Integer i = Integer.valueOf(100);</span><br><span class="line">    Integer i = Integer.valueOf(&quot;100&quot;);</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li>
<li><p>int和String的相互转换</p>
<ul>
<li><p>int—&gt;String</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">//方式一</span><br><span class="line">String s1 = &quot;&quot;+number;</span><br><span class="line">System.out.println(s1);</span><br><span class="line">//方式二</span><br><span class="line">String s2  =String.valueOf(number);</span><br><span class="line">System.out.println(s2);</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li>
<li><p>String —&gt; int</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">String s = &quot;100&quot;;</span><br><span class="line">//方式一：</span><br><span class="line">//String ---&gt;Integer---&gt;int</span><br><span class="line">Integer i =Integer.valueOf(s);</span><br><span class="line">int x = i.intValue();        //返回integer的值作为int</span><br><span class="line">System.out.println(x);</span><br><span class="line">//方式二</span><br><span class="line">int y = Integer.parseInt(s);</span><br><span class="line">System.out.println(y);</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p>字符串中数据排序（一个字符串”9127463850“，倾斜程序实现最终输出结果”27 38 46 50 91“）</p>
<ul>
<li><p>定义一个字符串</p>
</li>
<li><p>把字符串中的数字数据存储到一个int类型的数组中</p>
</li>
<li><p>对int数组进行排序</p>
</li>
<li><p>把排序后的int数组中的元素进行拼接得到字符串</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">String s = ”91 27 46 38 50“</span><br><span class="line">String[] strArray = s.split(&quot; &quot;);    //Ctrl+alt+v</span><br><span class="line">int[] arr = new int[strArray.length];</span><br><span class="line">for(int i = 0;i&lt;arr.length;i++)&#123;</span><br><span class="line">	arr[i] = Integer.parseInt(strArray[i]);</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line">Arrays.sort(arr);</span><br><span class="line">StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();</span><br><span class="line">for(int i = 0;i&lt;arr.length;i++)&#123;</span><br><span class="line">	if(i == arr.length)&#123;</span><br><span class="line">		sb.append(arr[i]);</span><br><span class="line">	&#125;else&#123;</span><br><span class="line">		sb.append(arr[i]).append(&quot; &quot;);</span><br><span class="line">	&#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line">String result  =ab.toString();</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ol>
<h5 id="10-3-自动装箱和拆箱"><a href="#10-3-自动装箱和拆箱" class="headerlink" title="10-3 自动装箱和拆箱"></a>10-3 自动装箱和拆箱</h5><ol>
<li><p>装箱： 把基本数据类型转换成对应的包装类类型</p>
<ul>
<li>手动装箱： <code>Integer i = Integer.valueOf(100);</code></li>
<li>自动：<code>Integrt i = 100;</code></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p>拆箱： 把包装类类型转换成对应的基本数据类型</p>
<ul>
<li>手动拆箱：<code>i = i.intValue() + 200</code>;</li>
<li>自动： <code>i+=200;</code></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ol>
<h5 id="10-4日期类："><a href="#10-4日期类：" class="headerlink" title="10-4日期类："></a>10-4日期类：</h5><ol>
<li><p>Date类概述和构造方法</p>
<ul>
<li>Date代表一个特定的时间，精确到毫秒</li>
</ul>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>方法名</th>
<th>说明</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr>
<td>Date（）</td>
<td>分配一个Date对象，并初始化，以便它被分配的时间，精确到毫秒</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Date（）</td>
<td>分配一个Date对象。并将其初始化成表示从标准基准时间其指定的毫秒数</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">Date d1 = new Date();</span><br><span class="line">Sysout(d1);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">long date=1000*60*60;</span><br><span class="line">Date d3  = new Date(date);</span><br><span class="line">Sysout(d2);</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li>
<li><p>Date类常用对象</p>
<p><img src="D:/Front-end/%E5%85%B6%E4%BB%96%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E7%9A%84%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0/Java/%E7%AC%94%E8%AE%B0%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%87/java%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80/31.png" alt="31"></p>
</li>
</ol>
<h2 id="第十二章-异常"><a href="#第十二章-异常" class="headerlink" title="第十二章 异常"></a>第十二章 异常</h2><h5 id="12-1"><a href="#12-1" class="headerlink" title="12-1"></a>12-1</h5><ol>
<li></li>
</ol>
<p><img src="D:/Front-end/%E5%85%B6%E4%BB%96%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E7%9A%84%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0/Java/%E7%AC%94%E8%AE%B0%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%87/java%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80/23.png" alt="23"></p>
<ol start="2">
<li><p>异常处理</p>
<ul>
<li>try{}catch(异常类名 变量名){ }</li>
<li>throws</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p>Throwable的成员方法：</p>
<p><img src="D:/Front-end/%E5%85%B6%E4%BB%96%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E7%9A%84%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0/Java/%E7%AC%94%E8%AE%B0%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%87/java%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80/24.png" alt="24"></p>
</li>
<li><ul>
<li>运行时异常： 所有的RuntimeException类及其子类被称为运行时异常（非受检异常）<ul>
<li><code>ClassCastException(类转换异常)</code></li>
<li><code>IndexOutOfBoundsException(数组越界)</code></li>
<li><code>NullPointerException(空指针)</code></li>
<li><code>ArrayStoreException(数据存储异常，操作数组时类型不一致)</code></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>其他的异常都是编译时异常（受检异常，必须显示处理，否则程序就会无法编译）</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ol>
<h5 id="12-2-throws"><a href="#12-2-throws" class="headerlink" title="12-2 throws"></a>12-2 throws</h5><ol>
<li><code>throws 异常类名</code>:写在方法的括号后面</li>
</ol>
<h5 id="12-3-自定义异常看不懂"><a href="#12-3-自定义异常看不懂" class="headerlink" title="12-3 自定义异常看不懂"></a>12-3 自定义异常看不懂</h5><h2 id="第七章-GUI图形界面"><a href="#第七章-GUI图形界面" class="headerlink" title="第七章 GUI图形界面"></a>第七章 GUI图形界面</h2><h3 id="第一部分-AWT"><a href="#第一部分-AWT" class="headerlink" title="第一部分 AWT"></a>第一部分 AWT</h3><h5 id="7-1-AWT抽象窗口工具集"><a href="#7-1-AWT抽象窗口工具集" class="headerlink" title="7-1 AWT抽象窗口工具集"></a>7-1 AWT抽象窗口工具集</h5><ol>
<li>LayoutManager（接口，布局管理器）</li>
</ol>
<h5 id="7-2-Container继承体系"><a href="#7-2-Container继承体系" class="headerlink" title="7-2 Container继承体系"></a>7-2 Container继承体系</h5><ol>
<li><img src="D:/Front-end/%E5%85%B6%E4%BB%96%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E7%9A%84%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0/Java/%E7%AC%94%E8%AE%B0%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%87/java%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80/19.png" alt="19"></li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li>window是可以独立存在的顶级窗口，默认使用borderLayout管理其内部组件布局</li>
<li>Panel可以容纳其他组件，<strong>但不能独立存在</strong>，必须内嵌其他容器中使用，默认使用FlowLayout管理其内部组件布局</li>
<li>ScrollPane是一个带滚动条的容器，他也不能独立存在，默认使用BorderLayout管理其内部组件布局</li>
</ul>
<ol start="2">
<li><p>常见API</p>
<blockquote>
<p>Component作为基类，提供如下常用方法来设置组建的大小，位置，可见性</p>
</blockquote>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>方法签名</th>
<th>方法功能</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr>
<td>setLocation（int x，int y）</td>
<td>设置组件的位置</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>setSize(int width,int height)</td>
<td>设置组件的大小</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>setBounds(int x,int y,int width,int height)</td>
<td>同时设置组建的位置、大小</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>setVisible（Boolean b）；</td>
<td>设置组建的可见性</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<blockquote>
<p>Container作为容器根类，提供如下方法来访问容器中的组件</p>
</blockquote>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>方法签名</th>
<th>方法功能</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr>
<td>Conponent add(Component comp)</td>
<td>向容器中添加其他组件（该组件既可以是普通组件，也可以是容器，并返回被添加的组件）</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Component getComponentAt（int x,int y）;</td>
<td>返回指定点的组件</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>int getComponentCount();</td>
<td>返回该容器内组件的数量</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Component[] getComponents();</td>
<td>返回该容器内所有组件</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
</ol>
<h5 id="7-3-LayoutManager布局管理器"><a href="#7-3-LayoutManager布局管理器" class="headerlink" title="7-3 LayoutManager布局管理器"></a>7-3 LayoutManager布局管理器</h5><blockquote>
<p>程序向ScrollPAne容器中添加一个文本框和一个按钮，但我们只能看到一个按钮</p>
<p>原因：ScrollPane使用BorderLayout布局管理器的缘故，而BorderLayout导致该容器中只有一个组件被显示出来</p>
</blockquote>
<hr>
<blockquote>
<p>java提供布局管理器，可以根据运行平台来自动调整组建的大小，程序员不用手动设置组建的大小和位置</p>
</blockquote>
<p><img src="D:/Front-end/%E5%85%B6%E4%BB%96%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E7%9A%84%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0/Java/%E7%AC%94%E8%AE%B0%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%87/java%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80/20.png" alt="20"></p>
<ol>
<li><p>流式布局FlowLayout</p>
<blockquote>
<p>在FlowLayout布局管理器中，组件像水流一样向某方向排列，遇到障碍就折回</p>
</blockquote>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>构造方法</th>
<th>方法功能</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr>
<td>FlowLayout()</td>
<td>使用默认的对齐方式(<strong>左对齐</strong>)及默认的垂直间距，水平间距创建FlowLayout布局管理器</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>FlowLayout(int align)</td>
<td>使用指定的对齐方式及默认的垂直间距、水平间距创建FLoatout布局管理器</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>FlowLayout(int align,int hgap,int vgap);</td>
<td>使用指定的对齐方式及指定的垂直间距、水平间距创建FLoatout布局管理器</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<ul>
<li>FlowLayout中组件中间距通过整数设置，单位是像素，默认5个像素</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p>BorderLayout布局</p>
<blockquote>
<p>　将容器分为EAST，SOUTH,WEST,NORTH,CENTER五个区域,普通组件可以被放置在任意一个中</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ol>
<p><img src="D:/Front-end/%E5%85%B6%E4%BB%96%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E7%9A%84%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0/Java/%E7%AC%94%E8%AE%B0%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%87/java%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80/21.png" alt="21"></p>
<ol start="3">
<li><p>GridLayout网格布局管理器</p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>构造方法</th>
<th>方法功能</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr>
<td>GridLayout(int rows,int  cols)</td>
<td>采用指定的行数，劣势，以及默认的横向间距，纵向间距将容器分割成多个网格</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>GridLayout（int rows,int cois,int hgap,int vgap）;</td>
<td>采用指定的行数，列数，以及指定的横向间距、纵向间距将容器分割成多个网格</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li><p><strong>案例：使用Frame+PAnel，配合FlowLayput和GridLayout完成一个计算器效果</strong></p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">Frame frame = new Frame(“计算器”);</span><br><span class="line">//1.创建一个Panel对象，里面存放一个TextFiled组件</span><br><span class="line">PAnel p = new Panel();</span><br><span class="line">p.add(new TextField(30));</span><br><span class="line">//2. 把当前这个Panel对象添加到frame的北边区域</span><br><span class="line">frame.add(p,BorderLayout.NORTH);</span><br><span class="line">//3. 创建一个PAnel对象，并且设置丫的布局管理器为GridLayout</span><br><span class="line">Panel p2 = new Panel();</span><br><span class="line">p2.setLayout(new GridLayout(3,5,4,4));</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">//4， 往Panel中添加内容</span><br><span class="line">for(int i = 0;i&lt;10;i++)&#123;</span><br><span class="line">	p2.add(new Button(i+&quot;&quot;));</span><br><span class="line">	</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line">p2.add(new Button(&quot;+&quot;));</span><br><span class="line">p2.add(new Button(&quot;-&quot;));</span><br><span class="line">p2.add(new Button(&quot;*&quot;));</span><br><span class="line">p2.add(new Button(&quot;/&quot;));</span><br><span class="line">p2.add(new Button(&quot;.&quot;));</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">frame.add(p2);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">frame.pack();</span><br><span class="line">frame.setVIsible(true);</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li>
<li><p>卡片布局CardLayout</p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>方法名称</th>
<th>方法功能</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr>
<td>CardLayout</td>
<td>创建默认的CardLayout布局管理器</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>CardLayout（int hgap，int vgap）</td>
<td>通过指定卡片与容器左右边界的间距（hgap），vgap的间距来创建CardLayout布局管理器</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>first(Container target())</td>
<td>显示target容器中的一张卡片</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>last(Container target())</td>
<td>显示target容器中的最后一张卡片</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>previous(Container target())</td>
<td>显示target容器中的前一张卡片</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>next(Container target)</td>
<td>显示target容器中的后一章卡片</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>show(Container target,String name)</td>
<td>显示target容器中指定名字的卡片</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<p><strong>案例:使用Framel和Panel以及CardLayout完成下图中的效果，点击底部的按钮，切换卡片</strong></p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br><span class="line">39</span><br><span class="line">40</span><br><span class="line">41</span><br><span class="line">42</span><br><span class="line">43</span><br><span class="line">44</span><br><span class="line">45</span><br><span class="line">46</span><br><span class="line">47</span><br><span class="line">48</span><br><span class="line">49</span><br><span class="line">50</span><br><span class="line">51</span><br><span class="line">52</span><br><span class="line">53</span><br><span class="line">54</span><br><span class="line">55</span><br><span class="line">56</span><br><span class="line">57</span><br><span class="line">58</span><br><span class="line">59</span><br><span class="line">60</span><br><span class="line">61</span><br><span class="line">62</span><br><span class="line">63</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">Frame frame = new Frame(&quot;这里测试CardLayout&quot;);</span><br><span class="line">//1. 创建一个Panel，用来储存多张卡片</span><br><span class="line">Panel p1 = new Panel();</span><br><span class="line">//2。 创建CardLayout对象，并把该对象设置给之前创建的容器</span><br><span class="line">CardLayout cardlayout = new CardLayout();</span><br><span class="line">p1.setLayout(cardLayout);</span><br><span class="line">//3. 往Panel中存储多个组件</span><br><span class="line">String[] name = &#123;&quot;第一章&quot;,&quot;第二张&quot;,&quot;第三张&quot;,&quot;第四张&quot;,&quot;第五张&quot;&#125;;</span><br><span class="line">for(int i = 0;i&lt;names.length;i++)&#123;</span><br><span class="line">	p1.add(name[i],new Button(names[i]));</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line">//4. 把Panel放到frame的中间区域</span><br><span class="line">frame.add(p);</span><br><span class="line">//5. 创建另外一个panel，用来存储多个按钮组件</span><br><span class="line">Panel p2 = new Panel();</span><br><span class="line">//6. 创建5个组件按钮</span><br><span class="line">Button b1 = new Button(&quot;上一张&quot;);</span><br><span class="line">Button b2 = new Button(&quot;下一张&quot;);</span><br><span class="line">Button b3 = new Button(&quot;第一张&quot;);</span><br><span class="line">Button b4 = new Button(&quot;最后一张&quot;);</span><br><span class="line">Button b5 = new Button(&quot;第三张&quot;);</span><br><span class="line">//7. 创建一个时间监听器，监听按钮的点击动作</span><br><span class="line">ActionListener listener = new ActionListener()&#123;</span><br><span class="line">	@Override</span><br><span class="line">	public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">		String actionCommand = e.getActionCommand();    //这个字符串其实就是按钮上的文字</span><br><span class="line">		switch(actionCommand)&#123;</span><br><span class="line">			case&quot;上一张&quot;:</span><br><span class="line">				cardLayout.previous(p1);</span><br><span class="line">				break;	</span><br><span class="line">			case&quot;下一张&quot;:</span><br><span class="line">				cardLayout.next(p1);</span><br><span class="line">				break;	</span><br><span class="line">			case&quot;第一张&quot;:</span><br><span class="line">				cardLayout.first(p1);</span><br><span class="line">				break;	</span><br><span class="line">            case&quot;最后一张&quot;:</span><br><span class="line">				cardLayout.last(p1);</span><br><span class="line">				break;	</span><br><span class="line">            case&quot;第三张&quot;:</span><br><span class="line">				cardLayout.show(p1,&quot;第三张&quot;);</span><br><span class="line">				break;	</span><br><span class="line">		&#125;</span><br><span class="line">	&#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line">//8. 把当前这个事件监听器和多个按钮绑定在一起</span><br><span class="line">b1.addActionListener(listener);</span><br><span class="line">b2.addActionListener(listener);</span><br><span class="line">b3.addActionListener(listener);</span><br><span class="line">b4.addActionListener(listener);</span><br><span class="line">b5.addActionListener(listener);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">//9. 把按钮添加到frame的南边区域</span><br><span class="line">p2.add(b1);</span><br><span class="line">p2.add(b2);</span><br><span class="line">p2.add(b3);</span><br><span class="line">p2.add(b4);</span><br><span class="line">p2.add(b5);</span><br><span class="line">//10. 把p2放到frame的南边区域</span><br><span class="line">frame.add(p2,BorderLayout.South);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">frame.pack();</span><br><span class="line">frame.setVisible(true);</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li>
</ol>
<h5 id="7-4-基本组件"><a href="#7-4-基本组件" class="headerlink" title="7-4 基本组件"></a>7-4 基本组件</h5><ol>
<li><img src="D:/Front-end/%E5%85%B6%E4%BB%96%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E7%9A%84%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0/Java/%E7%AC%94%E8%AE%B0%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%87/java%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80/22.png" alt="22"></li>
<li>lizi</li>
</ol>
<h3 id="第二部分-Swing组件"><a href="#第二部分-Swing组件" class="headerlink" title="第二部分 Swing组件"></a>第二部分 Swing组件</h3><h5 id="7-4-BoxLayout布局管理器"><a href="#7-4-BoxLayout布局管理器" class="headerlink" title="7-4 BoxLayout布局管理器"></a>7-4 BoxLayout布局管理器</h5><p><strong>477-479没听</strong></p>
<h2 id="第十一章-进程和线程"><a href="#第十一章-进程和线程" class="headerlink" title="第十一章 进程和线程"></a>第十一章 进程和线程</h2><h5 id="10-1-实现多线程"><a href="#10-1-实现多线程" class="headerlink" title="10-1 实现多线程"></a>10-1 实现多线程</h5><ol>
<li><p>进程：正在运行的程序</p>
<ul>
<li>系统进行资源分配和调用的独立单位</li>
<li>每一个进程都有自己的内存空间和系统资源</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p>线程： 是进程中的单个顺序控制流，是一条执行路径</p>
<ul>
<li>单线程： 一个进程如果只有一条执行路径，则成为单线程程序</li>
<li>多线程： 一个进程如果有多条执行路径，则称为多线程程序（扫雷：时间顺序控制流+…）</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p>多线程的实现方式：，**创建一个新的执行线程有两种方法： ** </p>
<ul>
<li><p>方式一：继承Thread类</p>
<ul>
<li><p>定义一个类MyThread继承Thread类</p>
</li>
<li><p>在MyThread类中重写run()方法 ，封装被线程执行的代码</p>
</li>
<li><p>创建MyThread类的对象</p>
</li>
<li><p>启动线程</p>
<p><strong>小问题：</strong></p>
<p><strong>1. 重写run()方法：run（）方法是用来封装被线程执行的代码；</strong></p>
<p><strong>2.  run():封装线程执行的代码，直接调用，相当于普通方法的调用</strong></p>
<ul>
<li>start(): 启动线程，然后JVM调用此线程的run()方法</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">package liti1;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">//import sun.awt.AWTAccessor.SystemTrayAccessor;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">public class lizi1 &#123;</span><br><span class="line">	public static void main(String[] args) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">		MyThread my1 = new MyThread();</span><br><span class="line">		MyThread my2 = new MyThread(&quot;膏体人&quot;);</span><br><span class="line">		</span><br><span class="line">		</span><br><span class="line">		my1.start();</span><br><span class="line">		my2.start();        //start()方法导致此线程开始执行，Java虚拟机调用此线程run方法</span><br><span class="line">	&#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> class MyThread extends Thread &#123;</span><br><span class="line"> 	//带参构造方法给成员变量赋值</span><br><span class="line"> 	public MyThread()&#123;&#125;</span><br><span class="line"> 	public MyThread(String name)&#123;</span><br><span class="line"> 		super(name);	</span><br><span class="line"> 	&#125; </span><br><span class="line"> </span><br><span class="line">	@Override         //alt+/</span><br><span class="line">	public void run() &#123;</span><br><span class="line">		// TODO Auto-generated method stub</span><br><span class="line">		super.run();</span><br><span class="line">		for(int i =0;i&lt;100;i++) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">			System.out.println(i);      //sysout+alt+/</span><br><span class="line">		&#125;</span><br><span class="line">	&#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ol>
<h5 id="10-2-设置和获取线程名称"><a href="#10-2-设置和获取线程名称" class="headerlink" title="10-2 设置和获取线程名称"></a>10-2 设置和获取线程名称</h5><ol>
<li><p>Thread类中设置和获取线程名称的方法</p>
<ul>
<li><p>void setName（Stringname): 将此线程的名称更改为等于参数name</p>
</li>
<li><p>String getName（）：返回此线程的名称</p>
</li>
<li><p> currentThread()</p>
</li>
</ul>
<p>  <code>System.out.println(THread.currentThred().getName());</code></p>
<ul>
<li>(如何获取main（)方法所在的线程名称）</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ol>
<h5 id="10-3-线程调度"><a href="#10-3-线程调度" class="headerlink" title="10-3 线程调度"></a>10-3 线程调度</h5><ol>
<li><p>抢占式调度模型：</p>
<ul>
<li>优先让优先级高的线程使用CPU</li>
<li>线程的优先级同，随机选择一个线程，获取CPU时间片相对多一些</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p>CPU在某一时刻只能执行一条指令，线程只能得到CPU时间片（使用权），才可以执行指令。因此多线程程序的执行是由随机性</p>
</li>
<li><p>Thread类中设置和获取线程优先级的方法</p>
<ul>
<li><p><code>public final int getPriority()</code>: 返回此线程的优先级</p>
</li>
<li><p><code>public final void setPriority(int newPriority)</code>: 更改此线程的优先级</p>
<p><strong>线程默认优先级为5；线程优先级范围： 1-10</strong></p>
<p><strong>线程优先级高仅仅表示线程获取的CPU时间片的几率高</strong></p>
</li>
<li><p><img src="D:/Front-end/%E5%85%B6%E4%BB%96%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E7%9A%84%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0/Java/%E7%AC%94%E8%AE%B0%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%87/java%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80/25.png" alt="25"></p>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ol>
<h5 id="10-4-线程控制"><a href="#10-4-线程控制" class="headerlink" title="10-4 线程控制"></a>10-4 线程控制</h5><ol>
<li><img src="D:/Front-end/%E5%85%B6%E4%BB%96%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E7%9A%84%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0/Java/%E7%AC%94%E8%AE%B0%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%87/java%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80/48.png" alt="48"></li>
<li><img src="D:/Front-end/%E5%85%B6%E4%BB%96%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E7%9A%84%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0/Java/%E7%AC%94%E8%AE%B0%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%87/java%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80/49.png" alt="49"></li>
<li><img src="D:/Front-end/%E5%85%B6%E4%BB%96%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E7%9A%84%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0/Java/%E7%AC%94%E8%AE%B0%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%87/java%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80/50.png" alt="50"></li>
</ol>
<h5 id="10-5-线程声明周期"><a href="#10-5-线程声明周期" class="headerlink" title="10-5 线程声明周期"></a>10-5 线程声明周期</h5><ol>
<li><img src="D:/Front-end/%E5%85%B6%E4%BB%96%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E7%9A%84%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0/Java/%E7%AC%94%E8%AE%B0%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%87/java%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80/51.png" alt="51"></li>
</ol>
<h5 id="10-6-实现Runnable接口的方式实现多线程"><a href="#10-6-实现Runnable接口的方式实现多线程" class="headerlink" title="10-6 实现Runnable接口的方式实现多线程"></a>10-6 实现Runnable接口的方式实现多线程</h5><ol>
<li><p>方式二： 实现Runnable接口 </p>
<ul>
<li>定义一个类MyRunnable实现Runnable接口</li>
<li>在MyRunnable类中重写run()方法</li>
<li>创建MyRunnable类的对象</li>
<li>创建Thread类的对象，把MyRunnable对象作为构造方法的参数</li>
<li>启动线程</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p>```<br>public class MyRunnableDemo{</p>
<pre><code>public static void main(String[] args)&#123;
//创建MyRunnable类的对象
    MyRunable my = new MyRunnable();
    //创建Thread类的对象，把MyRunnable对象作为构造方法的参数
    Thread t1 = new Thread(my);
    Thread t2 = new Thread(my);
    
    //启动线程
    t1.start();
    t2.start();
&#125;
</code></pre>
<p>}</p>
<p>public class MyRunnable implements Runnable {</p>
<pre><code>public void run() &#123;
    System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+&quot;:&quot;+i);
&#125;
</code></pre>
<p>}</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br><span class="line">39</span><br><span class="line">40</span><br><span class="line">41</span><br><span class="line">42</span><br><span class="line">43</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">3. 好处：</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">   - 避免了Java单继承的局限性</span><br><span class="line">   - 适合多个相同程序的代码去处理同一个资源的情况，把线程和程序的代码、数据有效分离，较好体现了面向对象的设计思想</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">##### 10-7 线程同步</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">1. 案例：卖票（共有100张票，设置3个窗口卖票）</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">1. ![52](D:/Front-end/%E5%85%B6%E4%BB%96%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E7%9A%84%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0/Java/%E7%AC%94%E8%AE%B0%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%87/java%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80/52.png)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">2.   ```</span><br><span class="line">     </span><br><span class="line">     public class SellTicktDemo&#123;</span><br><span class="line">     	public static void main(String[] args)&#123;</span><br><span class="line">     		//创建SellTicket类的对象</span><br><span class="line">     		SellTicket st = new SellTicket();</span><br><span class="line">     		</span><br><span class="line">     		//创建三个Thread类的对象，把SellTicket对象作为构造方法的参数，并给出对应的窗口名称</span><br><span class="line">     		Thread t1 = new Thread(st,&quot;窗口1&quot;);</span><br><span class="line">     		Thread t2 = new Thread(st,&quot;窗口2&quot;)；</span><br><span class="line">     		Thread t2 = new Thread(st,&quot;窗口3&quot;)；</span><br><span class="line">     		</span><br><span class="line">     		//启动线程</span><br><span class="line">     		t1.start();</span><br><span class="line">     		t2.start();</span><br><span class="line">     		t3.start();</span><br><span class="line">     	&#125;</span><br><span class="line">     &#125;</span><br><span class="line">     </span><br><span class="line">     //定义一个类实现runnable接口，里面定义一个成员变量</span><br><span class="line">     public cladd SellTicket implements Runnable&#123;</span><br><span class="line">     	private int tickets = 100;</span><br><span class="line">     	public void run()&#123;</span><br><span class="line">     		while(true) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">     			if(tickets&gt;0)&#123;</span><br><span class="line">     			 Sysout(Thread.currentThread().getName()+&quot;正在出售第&quot;+tickets+“张票”);</span><br><span class="line">     			 tickets--;</span><br><span class="line">     			&#125;</span><br><span class="line">     		&#125;</span><br><span class="line">     	&#125;</span><br><span class="line">     &#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
<li><p><img src="D:/Front-end/%E5%85%B6%E4%BB%96%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E7%9A%84%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0/Java/%E7%AC%94%E8%AE%B0%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%87/java%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80/53.png" alt="53"></p>
</li>
<li><p><img src="D:/Front-end/%E5%85%B6%E4%BB%96%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E7%9A%84%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0/Java/%E7%AC%94%E8%AE%B0%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%87/java%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80/54.png" alt="54"></p>
</li>
</ol>
<h5 id="10-8-线程同步（二）"><a href="#10-8-线程同步（二）" class="headerlink" title="10-8 线程同步（二）"></a>10-8 线程同步（二）</h5><ol>
<li><p>出现安全问题：</p>
<ul>
<li>是否是多线程环境</li>
<li>是否有共享数据</li>
<li>是否有多条语句操作共享数据</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p>同步代码块</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">synchronized(任意对象) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">	多条语句操作共享数据的代码</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<ul>
<li>synchronized（任意对象）： 就相当于给代码加锁了，任意对象可以看成一把锁</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p>例子：</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">public class SellTicktDemo&#123;</span><br><span class="line">	public static void main(String[] args)&#123;</span><br><span class="line">		//创建SellTicket类的对象</span><br><span class="line">		SellTicket st = new SellTicket();</span><br><span class="line">		</span><br><span class="line">		//创建三个Thread类的对象，把SellTicket对象作为构造方法的参数，并给出对应的窗口名称</span><br><span class="line">		Thread t1 = new Thread(st,&quot;窗口1&quot;);</span><br><span class="line">		Thread t2 = new Thread(st,&quot;窗口2&quot;)；</span><br><span class="line">		Thread t2 = new Thread(st,&quot;窗口3&quot;)；</span><br><span class="line">		</span><br><span class="line">		//启动线程</span><br><span class="line">		t1.start();</span><br><span class="line">		t2.start();</span><br><span class="line">		t3.start();</span><br><span class="line">	&#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">//定义一个类实现runnable接口，里面定义一个成员变量</span><br><span class="line">public cladd SellTicket implements Runnable&#123;</span><br><span class="line">	private int tickets = 100;</span><br><span class="line">	private Object obj = new Object();</span><br><span class="line">	</span><br><span class="line">	public void run()&#123;</span><br><span class="line">		while(true) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">			synchronized(obj)&#123;</span><br><span class="line">                if(tickets&gt;0)&#123;</span><br><span class="line">                  try(tickets &gt;0)&#123;</span><br><span class="line">                  	Thread.sleep(100);</span><br><span class="line">                  &#125;	catch(InterruptedException e)&#123;</span><br><span class="line">                  	e.printStackTrace();</span><br><span class="line">                  &#125;</span><br><span class="line"> //窗口正在卖出..                Sysout(Thread.currentThread().getName()+&quot;正在出售第&quot;+tickets+“张票”);</span><br><span class="line">                 tickets--;</span><br><span class="line">                &#125;</span><br><span class="line">             &#125;   </span><br><span class="line">		&#125;</span><br><span class="line">	&#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li>
</ol>
<h5 id="10-9-同步方法"><a href="#10-9-同步方法" class="headerlink" title="10-9 同步方法"></a>10-9 同步方法</h5><ol>
<li>就是把synchronized关键字加到方法上<ul>
<li><code>权限修饰符 synchronized 返回值类型 方法名（方法参数）&#123; &#125;</code></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ol>
<h2 id="第十三章-文件类"><a href="#第十三章-文件类" class="headerlink" title="第十三章 文件类"></a>第十三章 文件类</h2><h5 id="13-1-File类概述和构造方法"><a href="#13-1-File类概述和构造方法" class="headerlink" title="13-1 File类概述和构造方法"></a>13-1 File类概述和构造方法</h5><ol>
<li>lang包，无需导包</li>
<li>File： 文件和目录路径名的抽象表示<ul>
<li>文件和目录可以通过FIle封装成对象</li>
<li>对于File</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>构造方法:<img src="D:/Front-end/%E5%85%B6%E4%BB%96%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E7%9A%84%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0/Java/%E7%AC%94%E8%AE%B0%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%87/java%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80/32.png" alt="32"></li>
</ol>
<p><img src="D:/Front-end/%E5%85%B6%E4%BB%96%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E7%9A%84%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0/Java/%E7%AC%94%E8%AE%B0%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%87/java%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80/33.png" alt="33"></p>
<h5 id="13-2-File类创建功能"><a href="#13-2-File类创建功能" class="headerlink" title="13-2 File类创建功能"></a>13-2 File类创建功能</h5><ol>
<li><img src="D:/Front-end/%E5%85%B6%E4%BB%96%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E7%9A%84%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0/Java/%E7%AC%94%E8%AE%B0%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%87/java%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80/34.png" alt="34"></li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li><p><code>createNewFile()</code></p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">FIle f1 = new File(&quot;E:\\itcast\\java.txt&quot;);</span><br><span class="line">Sysout(f1.createNewFile());</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<ul>
<li>文件不存在，就创建文件，并返回true</li>
<li>文件存在，就不，并返回false</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p><code>mkdir</code>创建目录</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">File f1 = new File(&quot;E:\\itcast\\javaSE&quot;);</span><br><span class="line">Sysout(f1.mdkir());</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li>
<li><p><code>mkdirs</code>:创建多级目录\javaSE\HTML</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">FIle f1 = new File(&quot;E:\\itcast\\javaSE\\HTML&quot;);</span><br><span class="line">Sysout(f1.mdkirs());</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li>
</ul>
<h5 id="13-3-File类判断和获取和删除功能"><a href="#13-3-File类判断和获取和删除功能" class="headerlink" title="13-3 File类判断和获取和删除功能"></a>13-3 File类判断和获取和删除功能</h5><ol>
<li><img src="D:/Front-end/%E5%85%B6%E4%BB%96%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E7%9A%84%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0/Java/%E7%AC%94%E8%AE%B0%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%87/java%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80/35.png" alt="35"></li>
</ol>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">File f= new File(&quot;myFile\\java.txt&quot;);</span><br><span class="line">Sysout(f.isDirectory());</span><br><span class="line">......(f.isFile());</span><br><span class="line">......(f.exists());</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">......(f.getAbsolutePath());</span><br><span class="line">....(f.getPath());</span><br><span class="line">Sysout(f.getName());</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">String[] strArray = f1()目录.list();      //f.list()--alt/--&gt;</span><br><span class="line">for(String str:strArray) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">	Sysout(str);      //</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">File[] fileArray = f（目录）.lidtFiles();</span><br><span class="line">for(FIle file:fileArray) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">	Sysout(file);        //绝对路径</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<ol start="2">
<li><p>删除功能</p>
<ul>
<li><p><code>public boolean delete();</code>      //删除由此路径名表示的文件或目录</p>
</li>
<li><p>例子：</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">File f1 = new File(&quot;E:\\itcast\\java.txt&quot;);</span><br><span class="line">Sysout(f1.delete);</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ol>
<h5 id="13-4-递归"><a href="#13-4-递归" class="headerlink" title="13-4 递归"></a>13-4 递归</h5><ol>
<li><p>方法定义中调用方法本身的现象</p>
<p>//递归解决问题，首先要定义一个方法：</p>
<ul>
<li>定义一个方法f(n),表示第n个月的兔子对数</li>
<li>第（n-1）个月的兔子对数如何表示？ f(n-1)</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ol>
<h2 id="第十四章-字节流"><a href="#第十四章-字节流" class="headerlink" title="第十四章 字节流"></a>第十四章 字节流</h2><h5 id="14-1-IO流概述和分类"><a href="#14-1-IO流概述和分类" class="headerlink" title="14-1 IO流概述和分类"></a>14-1 IO流概述和分类</h5><ol>
<li>IO流概述：输入/输出（input，output）</li>
<li>流： 是一种抽象概念，是对数据传输的总称。数据在设备间的传输称为流，流的本质是数据传输</li>
<li>文件复制；文件上传；文件下载</li>
<li>数据的流向：<ul>
<li>输入流：字节输出流</li>
<li>输出流：写数据</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>按照数据类型来分：<ul>
<li>字节流<ul>
<li>字节输入流：字节输出流</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>字符流<ul>
<li>字符输入流；字符输出流</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ol>

      

      
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                    <ol class="toc"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E7%AB%A0-JAVA%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E5%8F%91%E5%B1%95%E5%8F%B2"><span class="toc-number">1.</span> <span class="toc-text">第一章 JAVA语言发展史</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link"><span class="toc-number">2.</span> <span class="toc-text"></span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-5"><a class="toc-link" href="#1-1"><span class="toc-number">2.0.0.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">1.1</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-5"><a class="toc-link" href="#1-2-java%E8%B7%A8%E5%B9%B3%E5%8F%B0%E5%8E%9F%E7%90%86"><span class="toc-number">2.0.0.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">1-2 java跨平台原理</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-5"><a class="toc-link" href="#1-3-JRE%E5%92%8CIDK"><span class="toc-number">2.0.0.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">1-3 JRE和IDK</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-5"><a class="toc-link" href="#1-4-JDK%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85%E7%9B%AE%E5%BD%95"><span class="toc-number">2.0.0.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">1-4 JDK安装目录</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-5"><a class="toc-link" href="#1-5-%E5%B8%B8%E7%94%A8DOS%E5%91%BD%E4%BB%A4"><span class="toc-number">2.0.0.5.</span> <span class="toc-text">1-5 常用DOS命令</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-5"><a class="toc-link" href="#1-6-Path%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E5%8F%98%E9%87%8F%E7%9A%84%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE"><span class="toc-number">2.0.0.6.</span> <span class="toc-text">1-6 Path环境变量的配置</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-5"><a class="toc-link" href="#1-7-Helloword%E6%A1%88%E4%BE%8B"><span class="toc-number">2.0.0.7.</span> <span class="toc-text">1-7 Helloword案例</span></a></li></ol></li></ol></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E7%AB%A0-%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80%E7%9F%A5%E8%AF%86"><span class="toc-number">3.</span> <span class="toc-text">第二章 基础知识</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-5"><a class="toc-link" href="#2-1"><span class="toc-number">3.0.0.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">2.1</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-5"><a class="toc-link" href="#2-2-%E7%AE%97%E6%95%B0%E8%BF%90%E7%AE%97%E7%AC%A6%EF%BC%9A"><span class="toc-number">3.0.0.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">2-2 算数运算符：</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-5"><a class="toc-link" href="#2-3-%E8%B5%8B%E5%80%BC%E8%BF%90%E7%AE%97%E7%AC%A6%EF%BC%88%E9%9A%90%E5%90%AB%E5%BC%BA%E5%88%B6%E7%B1%BB%E5%9E%8B%E8%BD%AC%E6%8D%A2%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">3.0.0.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">2.3 赋值运算符（隐含强制类型转换）</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-5"><a class="toc-link" href="#2-4-%E8%87%AA%E5%A2%9E%E8%87%AA%E5%87%8F%E8%BF%90%E7%AE%97%E7%AC%A6"><span class="toc-number">3.0.0.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">2-4 自增自减运算符</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-5"><a class="toc-link" href="#2-5-%E5%85%B3%E7%B3%BB%E8%BF%90%E7%AE%97%E7%AC%A6"><span class="toc-number">3.0.0.5.</span> <span class="toc-text">2-5 关系运算符</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-5"><a class="toc-link" href="#2-6-%E9%80%BB%E8%BE%91%E8%BF%90%E7%AE%97%E7%AC%A6%EF%BC%88%E8%BF%9E%E6%8E%A5%E5%85%B3%E7%B3%BB%E8%BF%90%E7%AE%97%E7%AC%A6%E5%92%8C%E5%B8%83%E5%B0%94%E8%BF%90%E7%AE%97%E7%AC%A6%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">3.0.0.6.</span> <span class="toc-text">2-6 逻辑运算符（连接关系运算符和布尔运算符）</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-5"><a class="toc-link" href="#2-7-%E6%B5%81%E7%A8%8B%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6%EF%BC%9A%E9%A1%BA%E5%BA%8F%EF%BC%8C%E5%88%86%E6%94%AF%EF%BC%8C%E5%BE%AA%E7%8E%AF%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84"><span class="toc-number">3.0.0.7.</span> <span class="toc-text">2-7 流程控制：顺序，分支，循环结构</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-5"><a class="toc-link" href="#2-8-%E6%95%B0%E7%BB%84%E5%AE%9A%E4%B9%89"><span class="toc-number">3.0.0.8.</span> <span class="toc-text">2-8 数组定义</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-5"><a class="toc-link" href="#2-9-%E6%96%B9%E6%B3%95%E9%87%8D%E8%BD%BD"><span class="toc-number">3.0.0.9.</span> <span class="toc-text">2-9 方法重载</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-5"><a class="toc-link" href="#3-3-%E6%96%B9%E6%B3%95%E7%9A%84%E5%8F%82%E6%95%B0%E4%BC%A0%E9%80%92"><span class="toc-number">3.0.0.10.</span> <span class="toc-text">3-3 方法的参数传递</span></a></li></ol></li></ol></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E7%AB%A0-%E7%B1%BB%E5%92%8C%E5%AF%B9%E8%B1%A1"><span class="toc-number">4.</span> <span class="toc-text">第三章 类和对象</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-5"><a class="toc-link" href="#3-1-%E7%B1%BB%E5%92%8C%E5%AF%B9%E8%B1%A1"><span class="toc-number">4.0.0.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">3-1 类和对象</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-5"><a class="toc-link" href="#3-2-%E6%88%90%E5%91%98%E5%8F%98%E9%87%8F%E5%92%8C%E5%B1%80%E9%83%A8%E5%8F%98%E9%87%8F"><span class="toc-number">4.0.0.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">3-2 成员变量和局部变量</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-5"><a class="toc-link" href="#3-3-%E5%B0%81%E8%A3%85%E5%92%8Cthis"><span class="toc-number">4.0.0.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">3-3 封装和this</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-5"><a class="toc-link" href="#4-3-%E6%A1%88%E4%BE%8B-%E6%8B%BC%E6%8E%A5%E5%AD%97%E7%AC%A6%E4%B8%B2-%E5%AE%9A%E4%B9%89%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%AA%E6%96%B9%E6%B3%95-%E6%8A%8Aint%E6%95%B0%E7%BB%84%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E6%8C%89%E7%85%A7%E6%8C%87%E5%AE%9A%E7%9A%84%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F%E6%8B%BC%E6%8E%A5%E6%88%90%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%AA%E5%AD%97%E7%AC%A6%E4%B8%B2%E8%BF%94%E5%9B%9E-%E8%B0%83%E7%94%A8%E8%AF%A5%E6%96%B9%E6%B3%95-%E5%AD%97%E7%AC%A6%E4%B8%B2%E5%8F%8D%E8%BD%AC"><span class="toc-number">4.0.0.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">4-3 案例: 拼接字符串(定义一个方法,把int数组中的数据按照指定的格式拼接成一个字符串返回,调用该方法)   ++++++字符串反转</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-5"><a class="toc-link" href="#5-3-%E9%9B%86%E5%90%88%E4%BD%93%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84"><span class="toc-number">4.0.0.5.</span> <span class="toc-text">5-3 集合体系结构</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-5"><a class="toc-link" href="#5-4-Collection%E9%9B%86%E5%90%88%E7%9A%84%E9%81%8D%E5%8E%86"><span class="toc-number">4.0.0.6.</span> <span class="toc-text">5-4 Collection集合的遍历</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-5"><a class="toc-link" href="#5-5-List%E9%9B%86%E5%90%88%E6%A6%82%E8%BF%B0"><span class="toc-number">4.0.0.7.</span> <span class="toc-text">5-5  List集合概述</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-5"><a class="toc-link" href="#5-6-%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84"><span class="toc-number">4.0.0.8.</span> <span class="toc-text">5-6 数据结构</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-5"><a class="toc-link" href="#5-7-List%E9%9B%86%E5%90%88%E5%AD%90%E7%B1%BB%E7%9A%84%E7%89%B9%E7%82%B9%EF%BC%9A"><span class="toc-number">4.0.0.9.</span> <span class="toc-text">5-7 List集合子类的特点：</span></a></li></ol></li></ol></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%AC%AC%E5%85%AD%E7%AB%A0-%E7%BB%A7%E6%89%BF"><span class="toc-number">5.</span> <span class="toc-text">第六章 继承</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-5"><a class="toc-link" href="#6-1-%E5%A5%BD%E5%A4%84"><span class="toc-number">5.0.0.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">6-1 好处</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-5"><a class="toc-link" href="#6-2-super"><span class="toc-number">5.0.0.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">6-2 super</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-5"><a class="toc-link" href="#10-3-%E8%87%AA%E5%8A%A8%E8%A3%85%E7%AE%B1%E5%92%8C%E6%8B%86%E7%AE%B1"><span class="toc-number">5.0.0.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">10-3 自动装箱和拆箱</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-5"><a class="toc-link" href="#10-4%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%9F%E7%B1%BB%EF%BC%9A"><span class="toc-number">5.0.0.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">10-4日期类：</span></a></li></ol></li></ol></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%AC%AC%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%8C%E7%AB%A0-%E5%BC%82%E5%B8%B8"><span class="toc-number">6.</span> <span class="toc-text">第十二章 异常</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-5"><a class="toc-link" href="#12-1"><span class="toc-number">6.0.0.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">12-1</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-5"><a class="toc-link" href="#12-2-throws"><span class="toc-number">6.0.0.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">12-2 throws</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-5"><a class="toc-link" href="#12-3-%E8%87%AA%E5%AE%9A%E4%B9%89%E5%BC%82%E5%B8%B8%E7%9C%8B%E4%B8%8D%E6%87%82"><span class="toc-number">6.0.0.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">12-3 自定义异常看不懂</span></a></li></ol></li></ol></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%83%E7%AB%A0-GUI%E5%9B%BE%E5%BD%A2%E7%95%8C%E9%9D%A2"><span class="toc-number">7.</span> <span class="toc-text">第七章 GUI图形界面</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E9%83%A8%E5%88%86-AWT"><span class="toc-number">7.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">第一部分 AWT</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-5"><a class="toc-link" href="#7-1-AWT%E6%8A%BD%E8%B1%A1%E7%AA%97%E5%8F%A3%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%B7%E9%9B%86"><span class="toc-number">7.1.0.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">7-1 AWT抽象窗口工具集</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-5"><a class="toc-link" href="#7-2-Container%E7%BB%A7%E6%89%BF%E4%BD%93%E7%B3%BB"><span class="toc-number">7.1.0.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">7-2 Container继承体系</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-5"><a class="toc-link" href="#7-3-LayoutManager%E5%B8%83%E5%B1%80%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86%E5%99%A8"><span class="toc-number">7.1.0.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">7-3 LayoutManager布局管理器</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-5"><a class="toc-link" href="#7-4-%E5%9F%BA%E6%9C%AC%E7%BB%84%E4%BB%B6"><span class="toc-number">7.1.0.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">7-4 基本组件</span></a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E9%83%A8%E5%88%86-Swing%E7%BB%84%E4%BB%B6"><span class="toc-number">7.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">第二部分 Swing组件</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-5"><a class="toc-link" href="#7-4-BoxLayout%E5%B8%83%E5%B1%80%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86%E5%99%A8"><span class="toc-number">7.2.0.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">7-4 BoxLayout布局管理器</span></a></li></ol></li></ol></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%AC%AC%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%80%E7%AB%A0-%E8%BF%9B%E7%A8%8B%E5%92%8C%E7%BA%BF%E7%A8%8B"><span class="toc-number">8.</span> <span class="toc-text">第十一章 进程和线程</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-5"><a class="toc-link" href="#10-1-%E5%AE%9E%E7%8E%B0%E5%A4%9A%E7%BA%BF%E7%A8%8B"><span class="toc-number">8.0.0.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">10-1 实现多线程</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-5"><a class="toc-link" href="#10-2-%E8%AE%BE%E7%BD%AE%E5%92%8C%E8%8E%B7%E5%8F%96%E7%BA%BF%E7%A8%8B%E5%90%8D%E7%A7%B0"><span class="toc-number">8.0.0.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">10-2 设置和获取线程名称</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-5"><a class="toc-link" href="#10-3-%E7%BA%BF%E7%A8%8B%E8%B0%83%E5%BA%A6"><span class="toc-number">8.0.0.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">10-3 线程调度</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-5"><a class="toc-link" href="#10-4-%E7%BA%BF%E7%A8%8B%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6"><span class="toc-number">8.0.0.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">10-4 线程控制</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-5"><a class="toc-link" href="#10-5-%E7%BA%BF%E7%A8%8B%E5%A3%B0%E6%98%8E%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F"><span class="toc-number">8.0.0.5.</span> <span class="toc-text">10-5 线程声明周期</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-5"><a class="toc-link" href="#10-6-%E5%AE%9E%E7%8E%B0Runnable%E6%8E%A5%E5%8F%A3%E7%9A%84%E6%96%B9%E5%BC%8F%E5%AE%9E%E7%8E%B0%E5%A4%9A%E7%BA%BF%E7%A8%8B"><span class="toc-number">8.0.0.6.</span> <span class="toc-text">10-6 实现Runnable接口的方式实现多线程</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-5"><a class="toc-link" href="#10-8-%E7%BA%BF%E7%A8%8B%E5%90%8C%E6%AD%A5%EF%BC%88%E4%BA%8C%EF%BC%89"><span class="toc-number">8.0.0.7.</span> <span class="toc-text">10-8 线程同步（二）</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-5"><a class="toc-link" href="#10-9-%E5%90%8C%E6%AD%A5%E6%96%B9%E6%B3%95"><span class="toc-number">8.0.0.8.</span> <span class="toc-text">10-9 同步方法</span></a></li></ol></li></ol></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%AC%AC%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%89%E7%AB%A0-%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E7%B1%BB"><span class="toc-number">9.</span> <span class="toc-text">第十三章 文件类</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-5"><a class="toc-link" href="#13-1-File%E7%B1%BB%E6%A6%82%E8%BF%B0%E5%92%8C%E6%9E%84%E9%80%A0%E6%96%B9%E6%B3%95"><span class="toc-number">9.0.0.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">13-1 File类概述和构造方法</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-5"><a class="toc-link" href="#13-2-File%E7%B1%BB%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E5%8A%9F%E8%83%BD"><span class="toc-number">9.0.0.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">13-2 File类创建功能</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-5"><a class="toc-link" href="#13-3-File%E7%B1%BB%E5%88%A4%E6%96%AD%E5%92%8C%E8%8E%B7%E5%8F%96%E5%92%8C%E5%88%A0%E9%99%A4%E5%8A%9F%E8%83%BD"><span class="toc-number">9.0.0.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">13-3 File类判断和获取和删除功能</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-5"><a class="toc-link" href="#13-4-%E9%80%92%E5%BD%92"><span class="toc-number">9.0.0.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">13-4 递归</span></a></li></ol></li></ol></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%AC%AC%E5%8D%81%E5%9B%9B%E7%AB%A0-%E5%AD%97%E8%8A%82%E6%B5%81"><span class="toc-number">10.</span> <span class="toc-text">第十四章 字节流</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-5"><a class="toc-link" href="#14-1-IO%E6%B5%81%E6%A6%82%E8%BF%B0%E5%92%8C%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB"><span class="toc-number">10.0.0.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">14-1 IO流概述和分类</span></a></li></ol></li></ol></li></ol></li></ol>
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